(인문학) How to Start a Revolution (영문자료)

출처: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Start_a_Revolution

How to Start a Revolution

How to Start a Revolution is a BAFTA award winning British documentary film about Nobel Peace Prize nominee and political theorist Gene Sharp, described as the world's foremost scholar on nonviolent revolution. The film describes Sharp's ideas, and their influence on popular uprisings around the world. Screened in cinemas and television in more than 22 countries it became an underground hit with the Occupy Wall St Movement.^[4]

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1 Synopsis
• 2 Cast
• 3 Background and production
• 4 Release and accolades
• 5 Reception
• 6 Influence
• 7 Touch Documentary
• 8 References
• 9 External links

Synopsis[edit]

Directed by British journalist Ruaridh Arrow the film follows the use of Gene Sharp's work across revolutionary groups throughout the world. There is particular focus on Sharp's key text From Dictatorship to Democracy^[5] which has been translated by democracy activists into more than 30 languages and used in revolutions from Serbia and Ukraine to Egypt and Syria. The film describes how Sharp's 198 methods of nonviolent action have inspired and informed uprisings across the globe.

Cast[edit]

A primary character of the film is Gene Sharp, founder of the Albert Einstein Institution, and a 2009 and 2012 nominee for theNobel Peace Prize.^[6][7] Sharp has been a scholar on nonviolent action for more than 50 years, and has been called both the "Machiavelli of nonviolence" and the "Clausewitz of nonviolent warfare."^[8] Other main characters include Jamila Raqib, a former Afghan refugee and the Executive Director of the Albert Einstein Institution;^[9] Colonel Robert "Bob" Helvey;^[2] Srđa Popović, leader of Otpor! students group Serbia;^[10] Ahmed Maher, leader of April 6 democracy group Egypt; and Ausama Monajed, Syrian activist.

Background and production[edit]

Scottish journalist Ruaridh Arrow, who wrote, directed, and co-produced the film, explained that he first learned about Gene Sharp's work as a student, and then heard that Sharp's booklets were turning up on the sites of many revolutions. But Sharp himself remained largely unknown. In explaining his motivation to make the film, Arrow stated that

Here was this old man [Gene Sharp] sitting in a crumpled house in Boston and that is where revolutionaries go for advice. It was one of the world’s great little secrets. It was a little bit of magic and I had to make a film about it.^[11]

The film was privately funded by Ruaridh Arrow and additional funding was raised through the US crowdfunding site Kickstarter.^[11] The film raised $57,342 in just under 4 weeks^[11][12] making it the most successful British crowdfunded film currently completed. Several high-profile figures are credited by the producers with supporting the crowdfunding project, including director Richard Linklater and actress Miriam Margoyles.^[13] Completion funding was donated by US art collector James Otis who sold the largest collection of Gandhi possessions including Gandhi's iconic glasses and sandals in 2009. Otis stated that he was selling the items to help fund nonviolent struggle projects and is described as the Executive Producer of the film.^[14]

Principal photography began in May 2009 with Director of Photography Philip Bloom in Boston.^[1] Interview sequences were shot on Sony EX1 cameras with a Letus 35mm lens adapter and the Canon 5dmk2 DSLR camera.^[15] Ruaridh Arrow travelled to Egypt to film the Egyptian revolution in February 2011 but his camera equipment was seized by Egyptian secret police on landing and key sequences had to be filmed on the iphone4. Arrow reported live from Tahrir Square for BBC News during this period.^[7]

Release and accolades[edit]

A series on the life and works of
Gene Sharp
Biography: Gene Sharp
Works
From Dictatorship to Democracy The Politics of Nonviolent Action Gandhi as a Political Strategist Making Europe Unconquerable America Resists: 1765-75 (ed) others
Films
How to Start a Revolution
Institution
Albert Einstein Institution
Small font titles lack own article

The premiere was held in Boston on 18 September 2011, the day after the Occupy Wall St protests officially began in New York. The film received a standing ovation and won Best Documentary and the Mass Impact award at Boston Film Festival,^[11][16] and went on to be screened by Occupy camps across the US and Europe including the Bank of Ideas in London.^[11][17][18]

The European premiere was held at Raindance Film Festival in London where the film received the award for Best Documentary.^[19][20]Subsequent awards have included Best Documentary Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival 2011, Special Jury Award one World Film Festival Ottawa, Jury Award Bellingham Human Rights Film Festival and Best Film, Barcelona Human Rights Film Festival. The film won the Scottish BAFTA for new talent in April 2012 and shortlisted for a Grierson Award in July 2012.^[21]

How to Start a Revolution was picked up for distribution by TVF International^[3] in the UK and 7th Art Releasing in the US.^[22] The film has reportedly been translated into nine languages, including Japanese and Russian.^[11] The Albert Einstein Institute has reported that the film has been shown internationally on several television stations.^[23]

Reception[edit]

The film has received a positive critical reception. It received four stars in Time Out London, "a reminder of the importance of intellectual thought to the everyday".^[24] The Huffington Post said it was a "vital conversation starter and educational tool in a world awash with violence"^[9] and the UK's Daily Telegraph described it as a "World conquering Documentary".^[25] The New York Times^[10] called it a "noble documentary" but criticised the absence of historical context of nonviolent struggles pre-dating Sharp. Variety described the film as "straightforward", "informative", and "with potential to be updated as world events unfold," stating it "should have a long shelf life". Negative references have been made to the use of dramatic music during certain sequences.^[26]

Influence[edit]

How to Start a Revolution was released on 18 September 2011 the day after the first Occupy protests in Wall St, New York. The film was described as the unofficial film of the Occupy movement^[27] and shown in camps across the US and Europe.^[28][29][30] It was one of a number of high-profile events held in London's Bank of Ideas along with a concert by British Band Radiohead.^{[citation needed]}

In 2012 following the contested Mexican General Election one of the countries largest newspapers reported that protestors were circulating a pirated Spanish translation of How to Start a Revolution which had gone viral in the country.^[31] The translation was viewed over half a million times in the space of three days. Reports have also been published citing the airing of the film on Spanish television concurrent with widespread discussion of Sharp's work in the Spanish anti-austerity 15-M Movement.^[32]

The academic premiere was hosted by the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School on 11 October 2011,^[33] and In February 2012, How to Start a Revolution was screened to an audience of MP's and Lords in the UK Houses of Parliament by the All Party Parliamentary Group on Conflict Issues (APPGCI) which was attended by Gene Sharp.^[34]

A film about the making of How to Start a Revolution, entitled Road to Revolution, was screened in January 2012 by Current TV in the UK.^[35][36]

Touch Documentary[edit]

In 2012 How to Start a Revolution was among the first "Touch Documentaries" to be released using the Apple iPad platform. The film was integrated into the platform along with four of Gene Sharp's books in several languages including From Dictatorship to Democracy and several of Sharp's lectures. The app is supplemented by analysis and satellite mapping which is offered up to the viewer while watching the film.^[37] A "Revolution Monitor" is also included which fuses Google Earth maps with Twitter displaying tweets and YouTube links from revolutionary groups and individuals when countries of interest are touched by the viewer.^[38] A review by The Peace & Collaborative Network described the app as "simply a must-have among peace studies scholars, those actively working to start or reorganize revolutions, or anyone who is interested in the logistics, history, and outcomes of nonviolent revolutions" ^[37] The How to Start a Revolution touch documentary was shortlisted for the International Best Digital Media award in the one World Media Awards 2013 ^[39]

References[edit]

1. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Production Team (from film website howtostartarevolutionfilm.com) (accessed 2 May 2012)
2. ^ Jump up to:^a b Colonel Robert "Bob" Helvey is a colonel in the United States Army (retired). He served in the Vietnam war, and won a Distinguished Service Cross (United States), the second highest award for service in the United States military. He is a former executive director of the Albert Einstein Institution, founded by Gene Sharp.
3. ^ Jump up to:^a b Michael Rosser (11 August 2011) TVF to bring doc on non-violent revolt to Mipcom (accessed 2 May 2012)
4. Jump up^ http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/your-democracy/2013/01/gene-sharp-machiavelli-non-violence
5. Jump up^ Gene Sharp (2010), From Dictatorship to Democracy (full text online) (4th ed.). East Boston, NA: Albert Einstein Institution. ISBN 978-1-880813-09-6, ISBN 1-880813-09-2,OCLC 706499601
6. Jump up^ Oslo Newsroom (27 February 2012). "Former President Bill Clinton among Nobel Prize nominees". Reuters. The story states: "Kristian Berg Harpviken, director of the Peace Research Institute of Oslo and one of the individuals eligible to nominate candidates, has released a short list of those names he had submitted. It is headed by Gene Sharp, a U.S. writer and philosopher who has long advocated non-violent action for social justice" (accessed 5 March 2012).
7. ^ Jump up to:^a b Arrow, Ruaridh (21 February 2011). "Gene Sharp: Author of the nonviolent revolution rulebook". BBC News Middle East. (accessed 2 May 2012)
8. Jump up^ Weber, Thomas (2004). Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-521-84230-3.
9. ^ Jump up to:^a b Siegel, Dan (19 October 2011). "Film Review: How to Start a Revolution [review of How to Start a Revolution]". Huffington Post. (accessed 2 May 2012)
10. ^ Jump up to:^a b Holden, Stephen (23 February 2012). "Ways to Change the World, Nonviolently [review of How to Start a Revolution]". New York Times. p. C15.
11. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f} Brown, Annie (March 24, 2012). "Scot's battle to make film on little-known guru of uprisings around world". Daily Record (Scotland).
12. Jump up^ Page at Kickstarter for How to Start a Revolution
13. Jump up^ Film website, "Special Thanks" (from howtostartarevolutionfilm.com) (accessed 2 May 2012))
14. Jump up^ Benjamin Sarlin (1 May 2009). "Gandhi's (Few) Possessions Go Up For Auction in New York" (accessed 2 May 2012)
15. Jump up^ Philip Bloom website (2011). Material about filming Gene Sharp from Blog from 29 May 2009 (accessed 2 May 2012)
16. Jump up^ Travers, Will (27 September 2011). "How to Start a Revolution premieres at Boston Film Festival, wins awards". Waging Nonviolence. (accessed 2 May 2012)
17. Jump up^ Occupy Boston website (9 November 2011) "“How To Start a Revolution” Film Screening at Occupy Boston tonight, 7pm" (accessed 2 May 2012)
18. Jump up^ The Occupied Times of London. Sun Street Eviction: No Rescue Package for Bank of Ideas (accessed 2 May 2012)
19. Jump up^ OneWorld. "Revolution at Raindance: Raindance Announces Festival Line Up - The World through a Different Lens" (accessed 2 May 2012)
20. Jump up^ Festival Awards (19th Raindance Festival, October 2011)
21. Jump up^ British Academy of Film and Television Arts, Scotland (12 March 2012). "New Talent Awards Winners in 2012" (accessed 30 April 2012).
22. Jump up^ "How to Start a Revolution" (page at Seventh Art Releasing) (accessed 2 May 2012)
23. Jump up^ Raqib and Sharp (15 December 2011) Letter addressed to "Dear Friends" (posted on website of Albert Einstein Institution). The letter reported that the film How to Start a Revolution has been shown on network television channels in Australia, Israel, and here in the United States on Current Television." (p. 6). (accessed 10 May 2012)
24. Jump up^ Emmajo Read (no date), Review of "How to Start a Revolution", Time Out London(accessed 2 May 2012)
25. Jump up^ Gray, Louise (21 October 2011). "Gene Sharp: How to Start a Revolution [review of How to Start a Revolution]". Daily Telegraph.
26. Jump up^ Harvey, Dennis (1 November 2011). "How to Start a Revolution [film review]".Variety.
27. Jump up^ http://we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/2012/01/the-american-academic-gene-sha.php#.UNSxf0IctUQ
28. Jump up^ http://www.occupybellinghamwa.org/ai1ec_event/film-how-to-start-a-revolution-at-the-pickford-2/?instance_id=
29. Jump up^ http://occupymaine.org/voices/25-sun-18-2011-7pm-film-how-to-start-a-revolution
30. Jump up^ http://www.occupyboston.org/2011/11/09/how-start-revolution-film-screening-occupy-boston-tonight-7pm/
31. Jump up^ http://www.informador.com.mx/suplementos/2012/422991/6/mr-revolution-y-el-evangelio-de-la-no-violencia.htm
32. Jump up^ http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/the-spanish-15-m-movement-deepens-its-civil-disobedience-with-a-dash-of-gene-sharp/
33. Jump up^ https://www.pon.harvard.edu/students/film-screening-of-how-to-start-a-revolution/?cid=72
34. Jump up^ http://www.conflictissues.org.uk/index.php/past-meetings-mainmenu-37/126-how-to-start-a-revolution
35. Jump up^ Road to Revolution Premieres 1 January at 8.30pm (accessed 2 May 2012)
36. Jump up^ After the screening of the Road to Revolution, the film itself, How to Start a Revolution, was also shown on Current TV: How To Start A Revolution Premieres 1 January at 9pm (accessed 2 May 2012)
37. ^ Jump up to:^a b http://www.internationalpeaceandconflict.org/forum/topics/pcdn-review-of-the-how-to-start-a-revolution-ipad-app?xg_source=activity#.USUXybR2tUQ
38. Jump up^ http://howtostartarevolutionfilm.com/index.php/ipad
39. Jump up^ http://oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/shortlist