(교육) 사찰을 당하는 영국의 대학이 표현의 자유가 있다고 할 수 있는가?

출처: http://www.bbc.com/news/education-35661362

Is university free speech under threat? 사찰을 당하는 대학이 표현의 자유가 있다 할 수 있는가?

By Catrin NyeReporter, Victoria Derbyshire programme

• 24 minutes ago
 
• From the sectionEducation & Family

Students at the London School of Economics set up a Free Speech Society last month in response to what they say is increasing censorship on university campuses. Now students are voting on whether the society should be banned. What's behind the row? 런던 경제대학 학생들은 정부의 대학캠퍼스에 대한 사찰에 대응하여 언론의 자유<A Free Speech Society>라는 단체를 설립했다. 학생들은 이 단체가 금지돼야 하는가를 놓고 투표하고 있다. 이 논란의 배후에는 무엇이 도사리고 있는가?

Universities have long been considered places for debate and for ideas to be challenged, but alongside that they are also meant to be places where minorities of all kinds can feel safe, comfortable and not sidelined in a way they may be elsewhere. 대학교는 오랫동안 토론과 반론을 제기당할 수 있는 아이디어들이 펼쳐지는 곳으로 여겨졌으며, 아울러 모든 류의 소수자들이 안전하고 편한하게 느끼고 어느 누구도 소외되어선 안 되는 곳이기도 했다.

These two ideals are currently causing conflict on campuses, fuelled by concepts such as "safe space" and "no platforming" - used by students with a view to gathering and having discussions without views or opinions that are deemed offensive or threatening.

So how can these terms best be defined?

·No platform asserts that no proscribed person or organisation should be given a platform to speak, nor should a union officer share a platform with them. (proscribe: 금하다, 금지하다, proscribed: 금지된)

·A safe space is an accessible environment in which every student feels comfortable, safe, and can get involved free from intimidation or judgment.

The National Union of Students (NUS) has an official no platform list which includes the BNP and Al-Muhajiroun, but individual unions and student groups can decide their own. Some recent decisions have caused a stir. (stir: 흔들기, 동요, 충격)

Feminist writer Julie Bindel was banned from speaking at Manchester University's student union last October as they said her views on transgender people could "incite hatred towards and exclusion of our trans students".

Image copyrightManchester University

Image captionManchester University banned Julie Bindel from speaking last year

And at Canterbury Christ Church University, an NUS rep refused to share a platform with gay rights activist Peter Tatchell, whom she regarded as having been racist and "transphobic". (transphobic: 성전환자 공포증 환자)

This decision and others are still being rowed about online - free speech advocates calling "censorship", but others arguing safe spaces allow free speech for those shut down throughout history.

'Sensitive creatures'

Brendan O'Neill is one of those who think this all amounts to censorship - the editor of current affairs magazine Spiked online held a conference last week on the issue.

He first campaigned against no platform while at university two decades ago - then it was only used against racists and Zionists.

"We argued that if you censored these groups, there's nothing to stop the censorious logic from spreading and encapsulating more and more people - and that's exactly what happened.

"When you accept the idea that some thoughts are too dangerous to have in public life, there's nothing to stop other thoughts from being swallowed up."

But NUS president Megan Dunn said: "It's simply not the case that they are banned or censored, it's just whether they are invited to a students' union to speak or not. This is about students' unions, they're democratic organisations."

Among those who think freedom of ｅxpression is being stifled is Charlie Parker. He is head of the newly-created Free Speech Society at LSE, started in January in reaction to incidents including the suspension of the rugby team for handing out sexist leaflets.

"Free speech has always been there to help and protect minorities - if you look at gay rights movements, civil rights movements, feminism, all the great progression under these movements was made possible through the use of freedom of ｅxpression," he said.

Repressed voices

But many students argue that safe spaces are in place to make sure all students have a voice.

Rayhan Uddin, Labour Society black and minority ethnic officer at LSE says safe spaces are useful in certain circumstances to allow repressed voices to speak.

"Clearly we have some problems when it comes to structural barriers for certain groups. And if women and ethnic minority students on campuses want to self-organise to help overcome some of the barriers they face, I would say all power to them," he said.

Image captionMegan Dunn of the NUS said it has to listen to students when they find some views threatening

The National Union of Students said it has to listen to students when they say they find others' views threatening.

"There have certainly been moments in my education when I have been uncomfortable, my views have been challenged - I think most of us will be able to draw a distinction between times we have been uncomfortable and times we have felt threatened," Ms Dunn said.

"Some people would say opinions are threatening to them, and we have to be able to listen to that view as well."

The debate continues. Students are currently voting on whether to ban the Free Speech Society at the London School of Economics and that itself is being held up as the ultimate example of campus censorship.

The one thing that everyone I spoke to agreed on is that they want everyone to have a voice at university - they just disagreed about how best to achieve that.