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(비지니스) Tim Cook, CEO of Apple

밝은하늘孤舟獨釣 2016. 3. 13. 02:17

출처: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Cook


Tim Cook

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other people named Tim Cook, see Tim Cook (disambiguation).
Tim Cook
Tim Cook.png
Tim Cook at the WWDC 2013 Keynote
BornTimothy Donald Cook
November 1, 1960 (age 55)
Mobile, Alabama, U.S.
Alma mater
OccupationChief Executive of Apple Inc.
EmployerApple Inc. (1998–present)
SalaryUS$10.28 million (2015)[1]
Net worthUS$785 million[2]
Board member of
Signature
Tim Cook Signature.svg

Timothy Donald "Tim" Cook (born November 1, 1960) is an American business executive, and is the Chief Executive Officer ofApple Inc., previously serving as Chief Operating Officer.[3]

Cook joined Apple in March 1998[4] as senior vice president of worldwide operations and then served as Executive Vice Presidentof worldwide sales and operations. He was made Chief Executive on August 24, 2011, succeeding Steve Jobs.[5] He had previously been named acting chief after Jobs began medical leave in January 2011.[6] In early 2012, he was awarded compensation of one million shares, vesting in 2016 and 2021, by Apple's board of directors.[7]

Cook also serves on the boards of directors of Nike, Inc.[5] and the National Football Foundation.[8] In 2014, Cook became the first Chief Executive of a Fortune 500 company to publicly identify as gay.[9]

Early life and education[edit]

Cook was born in Mobile, Alabama, United States,[10] and grew up in nearby Robertsdale. His father, Donald, was a shipyardworker, and his mother, Geraldine, worked at a pharmacy.[10][11]

Cook graduated from Robertsdale High School. He earned a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Auburn University in 1982,[12] and his Master of Business Administration (MBA) from Duke University's Fuqua School of Business in 1988.[13]

IBM[edit]

After graduating from Auburn University, Cook spent 12 years in IBM's personal computer business, ultimately serving as the director of North American fulfillment.[4] Later, he served as Chief Operating Officer of the computer reseller division of Intelligent Electronics and was vice president for corporate materials at Compaq for six months.[14]

Apple[edit]

Early career[edit]

Cook was asked to join Apple by Jobs in 1998. In a commencement speech at Auburn University, Cook said he decided to join Apple after meeting Jobs for the first time:

"Any purely rational consideration of cost and benefits lined up in Compaq's favor, and the people who knew me best advised me to stay at Compaq... on that day in early 1998 I listened to my intuition, not the left side of my brain or for that matter even the people who knew me best... no more than five minutes into my initial interview with Steve, I wanted to throw caution and logic to the wind and join Apple. My intuition already knew that joining Apple was a once in a lifetime opportunity to work for the creative genius, and to be on the executive team that could resurrect a great American company."[15]

His first assignment was Senior Vice President for worldwide operations.[4] In relation to the role, Cook was quoted as saying: "You kind of want to manage it like you're in the dairy business. If it gets past its freshness date, you have a problem".[16] Cook closed factories and warehouses, replacing them with contract manufacturers, causing a reduction in the company's inventory, from months to days. Predicting its importance, his group invested in long-term deals such as advance investment in flash memory from 2005 onwards, guaranteeing stable supply of what became a key iPod Nano, then iPhone and iPad component. Competitors at HP, describing their cancelled TouchPad tablet computer, later said that it was made from "cast-off reject iPad parts."[17] Cook's actions were credited with keeping costs under control and, combined with the company's design and marketing savvy, generated huge profits.[18]

In January 2007, Cook was promoted to lead operations[19] and served as Chief Executive in 2009, while Jobs was away on a leave of absence to manage his health. In January 2011, Apple's board of directors approved a third medical leave of absence requested by Jobs. During that time, Cook was responsible for most of Apple's day-to-day operations, while Jobs made most major decisions.[20][21]

Role as chief executive[edit]

After Jobs resigned as CEO and became chairman of the board, Cook was named the new Chief Executive Officer of Apple Inc. on August 24, 2011.[22][23] Six weeks later, on October 5, 2011, Jobs died because of complications from cancer.[24] Forbes contributor Robin Ferracone wrote in September 2011: "Jobs and Cook proceeded to forge a strong partnership, and rescued the company from its death spiral, which took it from $11 billion in revenue in 1995 down to less than $6 billion in 1998 ... Under their leadership, the company went from its nadir to a remarkable $100 billion today".[21] In April 2012, Time included Cook on its annual "100 Most Influential People in the World" list.[25]

On October 29, 2012, Cook made major changes to the company's executive team. Scott Forstall resigned as senior vice president of iOS, and became an advisor to Cook until he eventually departed from the company in 2013. John Browett, who was SVP of retail, was dismissed six months after he commenced at Apple, when he received 100,000 shares worth US$60 million.[26] Forstall's duties were divided among four other Apple executives: design SVP Sir Jonathan Ive assumed leadership of Apple's human interface team; Craig Federighi became the new head of iOS software engineering; services chief Eddy Cue became responsible for Maps and Siri; and Bob Mansfield, previously SVP of hardware engineering, became the head of a new technology group.[27]

Cook's executive changes occurred after the third quarter of the fiscal year (Q3), when revenues and profits grew less than predicted.[28] One commentator said that Forstall was forced to step down, as Cook "decided to lance the boil as internal politics and dissent reached a key pitch". Since becoming CEO, Cook focused upon building a harmonious culture that meant "weeding out people with disagreeable personalities—people Jobs tolerated and even held close, like Forstall";[29] although, another journalist said that "Apple's ability to innovate came from tension and disagreement."[30]

On February 28, 2014, Cook made headlines when he challenged shareholders to "get out of the stock" if they didn't share the company's views on sustainability and climate change.[31]

In March 2015, Cook was named number 1 in Fortune's: World's Greatest Leaders.[32]

Cyber security[edit]

Alongside Google vice-president Vint Cerf and AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson, Cook attended a closed-door summit held by President Barack Obama, on August 8, 2013, in regard to government surveillance and the Internet in the wake of the Edward Snowden NSA incident.[33][34]

Following the December 2015 terrorist attack in San Bernardino, California, in which 14 people were killed, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) solicited Apple to assist in "unlock[ing]" an iPhone 5C used by one of the attackers.[35] On February 16, 2016, in response to a request by the Department of Justice, a federal magistrate judge ordered Apple to create a custom iOS firmware version that would allow investigators to circumvent the phone's security features.[36] Cook responded in an open letter, wherein he denounced the government's demands as constituting a "breach of privacy" with "chilling" consequences.[35][37]

Public image[edit]

Leadership style[edit]

As Apple Inc. CEO, Cook regularly begins sending emails at 4:30 a.m. and previously held Sunday-night staff meetings by telephone to prepare for the next week.[16] Cook shared the keys to his leadership at Apple in May 2013: people, strategy, and execution; he explained, "If you get those three right the world is a great place."[38] Under Cook's leadership, Apple has increased its donations to charity, and in 2013, he hired Lisa Jackson, formerly the head of the Environmental Protection Agency, to assist Apple with the development of its renewable energy activities.[39][40][41]

Personal life[edit]

Cook is a fitness enthusiast and enjoys hiking, cycling, and going to the gym. Cook is known for being mostly solitary. He uses an off-campus fitness center for privacy, and very little is publicly known of his personal life. He explained in October 2014 that he has sought to achieve a "basic level of privacy".[16][41] Cook was misdiagnosed withmultiple sclerosis in 1996, an incident he said made him "see the world in a different way". He has since taken part in charity fundraising, such as cycle races to raise money for the disease. Cook later told an Auburn alumni magazine that his symptoms came from "lugging a lot of incredibly heavy luggage around."[42]

In 2009, Cook offered a portion of his liver to Jobs, since both share a rare blood type. Jobs responded by yelling, "I'll never let you do that. I'll never do that."[43]

While delivering the 2010 commencement speech at Auburn University, Cook emphasized the importance of intuition during significant decision-making processes in his life, and further explained that preparation and hard work are also necessary to execute on intuition.[44]

Public advocacy[edit]

While it had been reported in early 2011 that Cook was gay,[45][46] Cook chose to keep his personal life private.[47] He did publicly support LGBT rights.[48] In October 2014, the Alabama Academy of Honor inducted Cook, who spoke about his home state's record of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights.[49] The Academy of Honor is the highest honor Alabama gives its citizens.[50]

On October 30, 2014, Cook came out as gay in an editorial for Bloomberg Business, stating "I'm proud to be gay, and I consider being gay among the greatest gifts God has given me."[51] Cook also explained that he has been open about his sexuality "for years" and, while many people at Apple were aware of his sexual orientation, he sought to focus on Apple's products and customers rather than his personal life. He ended the article by saying "We pave the sunlit path toward justice together, brick by brick. This is my brick."[52] As a result, Cook became the first openly gay CEO on the Fortune 500 list.[53] In September 2015, Cook appeared on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert; when asked about what inspired him to publicly reveal his sexual orientation, he responded, "Where I valued my privacy significantly, I felt that I was valuing it too far above what I could do with other people, so I wanted to tell everyone my truth."[54]

Philanthropy[edit]

According to Fortune, Cook has Apple stock worth about $120 million and options with a value of $665 million. In March 2015, he said he planned to donate his entire fortune to charity.[55][56]

References[edit]

  1. Jump up^ "DEF 14A". sec.gov.
  2. Jump up^ "Apple's Tim Cook leads different - Fortune". Fortune.
  3. Jump up^ "Steve Jobs Resigns as CEO of Apple". Apple Inc. August 24, 2011. RetrievedAugust 25, 2011.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Timothy D. Cook Profile". Forbes.
  5. ^ Jump up to:a b "Nike — Investors — Corporate Governance — Board of Directors". Nike.
  6. Jump up^ Kopytoff, Verne G.; Streitfeld, David. "Times Topics: Timothy Cook News". The New York Times. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  7. Jump up^ "After Jobs: Apple's Cook gets $380M in compensation". USATODAY.COM. RetrievedOctober 30, 2014.
  8. Jump up^ "National Football Foundation Chairman, President and Board of Directors". National Football Foundation.
  9. Jump up^ "Apple's Tim Cook Is First Fortune 500 to Come Out as Gay". NBC News. NBC. October 31, 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  10. ^ Jump up to:a b Michael Finch II: Tim Cook – Apple CEO and Robertsdale's favorite son – still finds time to return to his Baldwin County roots. AL.com, February 24, 2014.
  11. Jump up^ "Tim Cook -- Apple CEO and Robertsdale's favorite son -- still finds time to return to his Baldwin County roots". AL.com.
  12. Jump up^ Portrait of New Apple CEO Tim Cook as a Young Auburn Student: The War Eagle Reader
  13. Jump up^ Love, Julia (January 14, 2009). "Fuqua grad takes reins at Apple". The Chronicle (Duke University). Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  14. Jump up^ "The genius of Steve". CNN. August 24, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  15. Jump up^ Cook, Tim. "Commencement Address at Auburn University, 2010". Fast Co Design.
  16. ^ Jump up to:a b c Lashinsky, Adam (November 10, 2008). "The genius behind Steve". CNN. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  17. Jump up^ Ziegler, Chris. "Pre to postmortem: the inside story of the death of Palm and webOS". The Verge. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
  18. Jump up^ Lashinsky, Adam (November 10, 2008). "The genius behind Steve". CNN.
  19. Jump up^ Helft, Miguel (January 23, 2011). "The Understudy Takes the Stage at Apple". The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  20. Jump up^ "Apple boss Steve Jobs takes 'medical leave'". BBC News. January 17, 2011. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  21. ^ Jump up to:a b Robin Ferracone (September 13, 2011). "An Outsider's View of Apple's Succession Plan". Forbes.com. Forbes LLC. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  22. Jump up^ "Steve Jobs resigns from Apple, Cook becomes CEO". Reuters. August 24, 2011. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
  23. Jump up^ Wingfield, Nick (October 16, 2006). "Apple's no. 2 has low profile, high impact". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 16, 2006.
  24. Jump up^ Biddle, Sam (October 19, 2011). "Steve Jobs Worked the Day Before He Died".Gizmodo. Archived from the original on June 24, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
  25. Jump up^ "The 100 Most Influential People in the World". Time. April 12, 2012. RetrievedAugust 15, 2012.
  26. Jump up^ Alex Heath (April 25, 2012). "Apple Welcomes New Retail VP John Browett With $60 Million In Stock". Cult Of Mac. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  27. Jump up^ "Apple Announces Changes to Increase Collaboration Across Hardware, Software & Services". Apple Inc. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  28. Jump up^ Arthur, Charles (October 30, 2012). "Apple's Tim Cook shows ruthless streak in firing maps and retail executives". The Guardian (London).
  29. Jump up^ Morphy, Erika (October 30, 2012). "This is Tim Cook's Apple: A Company Where 'Mini-Steve' Gets the Axe". Forbes. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  30. Jump up^ Jay Yarow (November 12, 2012). "Fired Apple Executive Scott Forstall 'Was The Best Approximation Of Steve Jobs That Apple Had Left'". Business Insider. Retrieved May 2,2013.
  31. Jump up^ "Apple's Tim Cook picks a fight with climate change deniers". CNN. March 1, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  32. Jump up^ "Tim Cook". Fortune. Retrieved 2015-10-19.
  33. Jump up^ Juliette Garside (August 9, 2013). "Apple, Google and AT&T meet Obama to discuss NSA surveillance concerns". The Guardian. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
  34. Jump up^ Tony Romm. "Apple's Tim Cook, tech executives meet with Barack Obama to talk surveillance". Politico. Politico LLC. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
  35. ^ Jump up to:a b Lichtblau, Eric; Benner, Katie (February 17, 2016). "Apple Fights Order to Unlock San Bernardino Gunman’s iPhone". The New York Times (Washington, D.C.). RetrievedFebruary 21, 2016.
  36. Jump up^ Farivar, Cyrus (February 16, 2016). "Judge: Apple must help FBI unlock San Bernardino shooter’s iPhone". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on February 17, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  37. Jump up^ Cook, Tim (February 16, 2016). "A Message to Our Customers". Apple Inc.Archived from the original on February 17, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  38. Jump up^ "Apple CEO and Fuqua Alum Tim Cook Talks Leadership at Duke". The Fuqua School of Business, Duke University. May 29, 2013.
  39. Jump up^ Patel, Nilay. "Tim Cook boasts about Apple's charitable contributions during internal all-hands meeting". The Verge. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  40. Jump up^ "Apple's softer side emerges under Cook". 3 News NZ. December 10, 2012.
  41. ^ Jump up to:a b Walter Smyth (March 2, 2014). "Tim Cook Coming Into His Own". Mobility Digest. Mobility Digest. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  42. Jump up^ Kane, Yukari. "The Job After Steve Jobs: Tim Cook and Apple". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
  43. Jump up^ I BEG YOU, mighty Jobs, TAKE MY LIVER, Cook told Apple's dying co-founder. The Register. 13 March 2015
  44. Jump up^ Auburn University Spring 2010 Commencement Speaker Tim Cook. Auburn University. May 14, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2011.
  45. Jump up^ "Meet Apple's New Boss, The Most Powerful Gay Man in Silicon Valley".gawker.com. January 20, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
  46. Jump up^ "Apple's Newest Product: Gay iCon?". advocate.com. October 19, 2011. RetrievedNovember 1, 2014.
  47. Jump up^ "Apple CEO Tim Cook Finally Takes Questions". advocate.com. December 6, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2014. He described himself repeatedly as 'private'
  48. Jump up^ "Tim Cook's memo takes public battle for gay rights to his employees".http://upstart.bizjournals.com/. December 23, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2014. The traditionally reserved CEO kicked off this recent burst of public statements in support of the rights of the LGBT community with an op-ed in the Wall Street Journal urging Congress to pass the Employment Nondiscrimination Act (ENDA) protecting employees against discrimination in the workplace. External link in |website= (help)
  49. Jump up^ "Apple's Tim Cook Calls on Alabama to Protect Gay Rights". The New York Times.Associated Press. October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  50. Jump up^ Isaac, Mike (October 30, 2014). "Long Private About the Topic, Tim Cook Says He's 'Proud to Be Gay'". The New York Times. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  51. Jump up^ "Tim Cook Speaks Up". Bloomberg Business.
  52. Jump up^ Cook, Tim (October 29, 2014). "Tim Cook: "I'm Proud to be Gay"". Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg LP. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  53. Jump up^ "Tim Cook Tells the World 'I'm Proud to Be Gay'". Wired.com. Retrieved October 30,2014.
  54. Jump up^ Chmielewski, Dawn (September 15, 2015). "Apple CEO Tim Cook on 'The Late Show With Stephen Colbert'". Re/code. Vox Media. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
  55. Jump up^ "Apple's Tim Cook leads different". http://fortune.com. Retrieved March 26, 2015.External link in |work= (help)
  56. Jump up^ "Apple CEO Tim Cook 'plans to give away all his wealth". businessinsider.com. Retrieved March 26, 2015.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tim Cook.
Business positions
Preceded by
Steve Jobs		CEO of Apple
2011–present		Incumbent






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