(미국) CIA "디지털 혁신部" 통해 전세계 방대한 양의 정보 도감청한다

출처: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36462056

밝은 하늘: 미국 CIA가 그 동안 자국내와 해외에서 해왔던 비밀공작에 대해 전혀 동의하지 않으나, 그럼에도 불구하고, 모름지기 한 국가의 정보기관이라면, 정권을 위해서가 아니라, 국익을 위해서, 이 정도까지 실행은 못해도 이 정도까지도 생각은 해봐야 하지 않나 하는 생각을 지울 수 없다.

CIA taps huge potential of digital technology 미국 CIA "디지털 혁신部" 통해 전세계 방대한 양의 정보 도감청한다 (tap: 도감청하다)

By Gordon CoreraSecurity correspondent, BBC News

• 29 June 2016
 
• From the sectionUS & Canada

Image copyrightSAUL LOEB

Image captionTechnology is revolutionising the work of the CIA

At CIA headquarters in Langley, the office of the director of digital innovation sits next to the agency's in-house museum filled with artefacts from its history. (artefacts: 역사적 문화적 의미가 있는 인공물)

Featuring heavily are gadgets such as early secret cameras and bugging devices that would not appear out of character in a Hollywood film.

The line-up makes the point that even though the CIA is an intelligence agency whose central mission has been to recruit people to provide secrets, technology has always had a crucial role. 지금까지 미국 CIA가 해왔던 중요임무는 사람들을 모집해서 이들을 통해 각종 정보들을 수집했던 것. (line-up: 참석예정자들, 사물이나 행사의 목록 혹은 프로그램)

Andrew Hallman - who runs the recently created Directorate of Digital Innovation - has the job of making sure that the new digital world works to the CIA's advantage rather than disadvantage. (1) 디지털혁신部의 일반적 목적: 전세계의 모든 디지털 정보를 CIA의 이익을 위해 사용하고자.  (directorate: 부서)

A major focus of Mr Hallman's effort is to use data to provide insights into future crises - developing what has been called "anticipatory intelligence". (2) 디지털혁신部의 구체적 목적: 수집한 정보들을 통해 미래의 위기들을 해결할 단초들을 찾아내는 것. (anticipatory intelligence: 사태발생을 사전에 예측해서 대처하는 정보활동)

This means looking for ways in which technology can provide early warning of, say, unrest in a country.

"I think that's a big growth area for the intelligence community and one the Directorate of Digital Innovation is trying to promote," Mr Hallman says.

The volume and variety of data produced around the world has grown exponentially in recent years - a process about to accelerate as more and more items as well as people are connected up in the so-called internet of things. (3) 디지털혁신部 창설의 배경: 요즘은 전세계적으로 데이타의 종류와 양이 기하급수적으로 증가한 상황. (exponentially: 기하급수적으로) 

The ambition is to take this wealth of data and combine it with analytical models fine-tuned with insights from social sciences to spot where an issue such as food scarcity might be emerging and might, in turn, lead to instability in a region. 수집한 방대한 정보를 사회과학에서 얻은 통찰들이 반영된 분석모델들과 결합하여, 식량부족 같은 문제가 어디서 발생하여 그 사회의 안정을 저해할 지 그 해결책을 찾아내는 것. (4) 디지털혁신部의 계획: 수집한 정보를 분석모델에 대입하여 예견되는 문제의 해결책을 모색하는 것. (spot: 발견하다, 찾아내다)

This might also involve looking at social media to perform "sentiment analysis" that can help understand if the mood in a population is turning sour. 이렇게 하자면, 특정 사회의 동향을 알 수 있는 "정서분석"을 하기 위해서라도 SNS를 뒤지지 않을 수 없다는 뜻.

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Image captionThe CIA hopes to be able to anticipate major events, such as the so-called Arab spring

The idea would be to spot a major change, such as the so-called Arab spring, as early as possible and provide policymakers with the kind of advanced warning they often crave and which intelligence agencies are sometimes criticised (fairly or unfairly) for failing to deliver. 이는 구체적으로 말해서, 중요한 변화를 최대한 빨리 찾아내, (해당국가의) 정책당국자들에게 사전경고를 해주는 것. (5) 이 계획의 구체적인 목적: 심상치 않은 동향을 최대한 빨리 찾아내 해당 국가에 사전경고를 주는 것. 

These are often the kind of events not susceptible to the traditional intelligence gathering spies normally carry out - the emergence of protest groups in the Middle East was not a secret locked in a safe or in the mind of a leader that could be stolen or enticed out.

But the techniques of big data, some believe, may offer answers.

Mr Hallman, crisp in both words and appearance, is careful to explain this will not provide a crystal ball that can predict "point events" - for instance that the breakdown of order will happen on a particular day - but, instead, will point to a social or economic system becoming more fragile than might be superficially apparent. (crisp: 말투나 행색이 딱딱하거나 사무적인) (crystal ball: 점칠 때 쓰는 수정구슬)

More broadly, the directorate aims to change the culture as well as the structure of the CIA - bringing in technology and integrating it into every part of the agency's work. (6) 디지털혁신部의 실천사항: 테크놀로지를 들여와 각 업무에 연결시킴으로써 CIA의 문화와 조직을 쇄신하는 것.

The CIA has 10 mission centres where analysts and operators work together on either parts of the world or issues (with centres for Africa, the Near East, Counterterrorism, and Weapons and Counter-proliferation). CIA요원은 두 부류: 정보분석요원과 임무수행요원.

Digital officers will integrate into these and bring with them expertise in cyber-techniques, data sciences and software development.

The aspiration is that where some new technological innovation is pioneered in one mission centre, the Directorate for Digital Innovation will see if it can be pushed out to other centres.

Developing expertise in open-source (publicly available) information is another priority - in the past this was something of a sideshow at an agency that focused on "secrets" - but such information can often help focus on what really is secret and what can be obtained by other means, especially as the definition of open source expands rapidly from the past, when it largely meant foreign news and media.

This might involve understanding how a group such as so-called Islamic State (IS) uses social media and working out what options there are to address it.

Image copyrightFOREIGN AND COMMONWEALTH OFFICE

Image captionAlex Younger says there is an arms race in intelligence technology

Data is also changing the sharp end of human intelligence.

The head of Britain's MI6, Alex Younger, has described a high-stakes arms race in technology. (high-stakes: 고부담의, 절체절명의)

Spy agencies can use data to improve the way they find the secrets and people they are after.

But foreign security services can also use data to track down intelligence officers and identify them, using the digital exhaust we all leave in our wake in the modern world (one reason for the neuralgic reaction within the US government to the cyber-theft of vetting information from the Office of Personnel Management last year, which could be used to identify spies). (track down: 찾아내다)

This poses fundamental challenges to the old concepts of operating clandestinely and "undercover". (clandestinely: 비밀리에)

"It is an existential challenge, which we are looking at very closely," Mr Hallman says.

He stresses though that the issue of how far data enables or restricts spy agencies will ultimately depend on their ability to adapt.

"That's entirely on us and how aggressively we can pursue both avenues," he says.

Image copyrightBRENDAN SMIALOWSKI

Image captionThe CIA will be working closely with the National Security Agency

Intelligence officers in the field will need to become much more technologically adept rather than relying on the kind of human wiles and guile so highly prized in the past.

"Operators have to figure a way to enable them both to operate clandestinely and have at their fingerprints with them the digital capability to extend their reach," says Mr Hallman.

Human intelligence and cyber-espionage are increasingly merging.

This means agencies such as the National Security Agency (which focuses on cyber-espionage) and CIA (which focuses on human intelligence) will need to work together much more, something the US intelligence community has sometimes struggled to do.

This new world of digitally enabled espionage will also require a different model of working with the private sector where cutting-edge technology is being developed (the private sector pioneers many of the big data analytics to try to extract value or sell advertising from the information they collect).

Previously, by the time a company brought in a product to meet a need at CIA, it might already be out of date.

"We used to try to make long strides to catch up with the state of the art," Mr Hallman says, "but we need instead to ride a crest of innovation."

The relationship with Silicon Valley, he acknowledges, has been affected by the allegations of former NSA contractor and whistle-blower Edward Snowden.

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Edward Snowden:

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Media captionEdward Snowden explains why he became a whistle-blower (Video courtesy of the Guardian, Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras)

Leaks that exposed US spy programme

Profile: Edward Snowden

Panorama: Spies and the law

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A business partner of Twitter recently said it would no longer provide services to the US intelligence community.

But Mr Hallman says the levels of suspicion are not uniform.

"There are a lot of great parties in Silicon Valley who understand our values well, but there are some sectors that do not understand the intelligence world," he says.

Part of his job is to change that.

"I'm an optimist - I think we will eventually build that trust," he says.

He points to the working relationship between the intelligence community and Amazon Web Services to provide cloud computing as an example of what the relationship could look like.

Back out in the corridor are historical examples of technology developed initially for espionage - early photocopiers and tiny Minox cameras - all once cutting-edge but now ubiquitous.

Now, spy agencies are learning that maintaining the edge on which they rely will require new ways of working.