(인문학/오디오) Noam Chomsky Mohawk Valley Formula (Americanism).wmv

출처: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pexQ7_tueg

Noam Chomsky Mohawk Valley Formula (Americanism).wmv

Mohawk Valley formula 미국의 30년대 노조파괴계획안

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The Mohawk Valley formula is a plan for strikebreaking purportedly written by the president of the Remington Rand company James Rand, Jr. around the time of the Remington Rand strike at Ilion, New York in 1936/37. (purportedly: 알려진 바에 의하면, 소문에 의하면) 

The plan includes discrediting union leaders, frightening the public with the threat of violence, using local police and vigilantes to intimidate strikers, forming puppet associations of "loyal employees" to influence public debate, fortifying workplaces, employing large numbers of replacement workers, and threatening to close the plant if work is not resumed.^[1][2] 모혹 밸리 포뮬라의 노조파괴공작의 내용: (1)노조지도자에 대한 존경심을 훼손하기. (2) 사람들이 노조에 참여나 동조하지 못하게 폭력으로 위협하기. (3) 지역 경찰이나 일반인들을 이용해 파업하는 사람들을 겁주기. (4) 대중앞 논쟁에 영향을 끼치기 위해 "충실한 노동자들"이라는 가짜 연합회를 만들기. (5) 작업장을 요새화하기. (6) 다수의 대체 노동자들을 고용하기. (7) 조업을 재개하지 않으면 사업장을 폐쇄할 거라 위협하기. (discredit: 존경심/신임을 떨어뜨리다) (fortify: 요새화하다)

The authenticity of the written plan has never been clearly established. Although it was allegedly published in the National Association of Manufacturers Labor Relations Bulletin, no original copy has been found, nor does NAM list it among its pamphlets from that era.^{[3][non-primary source needed]} Parts of the plan use language sympathetic to the views of labor organizers. The Remington Rand company did indeed ruthlessly suppress the strikes, as documented in a ruling by the National Labor Relations Board, and the plan has been accepted as a guide to the methods that were used. At least one source names the strikebreaker Pearl Bergoff and his so-called "Bergoff Technique" as the origin of the formula. ^[4] Rand and Bergoff were both indicted by the same federal grand jury for their roles in the Remington Rand strike.

Noam Chomsky has described the formula as the result of business owners' trend away from violent strikebreaking to a "scientific" approach based on propaganda. An essential feature of this approach is the identification of the management's interests with "Americanism," while labor activism is portrayed as the work of un-American outsiders. Workers are thus persuaded to turn against the activists and toward management to demonstrate their patriotism.^[5][6]

Elements of the formula[edit]

The following is the text of the Mohawk Valley formula as quoted in the labor press:

1. When a strike is threatened, label the union leaders as "agitators" to discredit them with the public and their own followers. Conduct balloting under the foremen to ascertain the strength of the union and to make possible misrepresentation of the strikers as a small minority. Exert economic pressure through threats to move the plant, align bankers, real estate owners and businessmen into a "Citizens' Committee".
2. Raise high the banner of "law and order", thereby causing the community to mass legal and police weapons against imagined violence and to forget that employees have equal rights with others in the community.
3. Call a "mass meeting" to coordinate public sentiment against the strike and strengthen the Citizens' Committee.
4. Form a large police force to intimidate the strikers and exert a psychological effect. Utilize local police, state police, vigilantes and special deputies chosen, if possible, from other neighborhoods.
5. Convince the strikers their cause is hopeless with a "back-to-work" movement by a puppet association of so-called "loyal employees" secretly organized by the employer.
6. When enough applications are on hand, set a date for opening the plant by having such opening requested by the puppet "back-to-work" association.
7. Stage the "opening" theatrically by throwing open the gates and having the employees march in a mass protected by squads of armed police so as to dramatize and exaggerate the opening and heighten the demoralizing effect.
8. Demoralize the strikers with a continuing show of force. If necessary turn the locality into a warlike camp and barricade it from the outside world.
9. Close the publicity barrage on the theme that the plant is in full operation and the strikers are merely a minority attempting to interfere with the right to work. With this, the campaign is over—-the employer has broken the strike.^[2]

A similar, although more nuanced and longer, version was published in The Nation in 1937.^[1]

See also[edit]

• Organized labour portal

• House Committee on Un-American Activities

Notes[edit]

1. ^ Jump up to:^a b Stolberg, Benjamin (Aug 1937). "Vigilantism, 1937". The Nation. 145 (7): 166–168.
2. ^ Jump up to:^a b Rodden, Robert G. (1984). The Fighting Machinists: A Century of Struggle. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
3. Jump up^ "National Association of Manufacturers. Pamphlets, 1908-1969". Retrieved 2009-07-10.
4. Jump up^ From Aristotelian to Reaganomics: A Dictionary of Eponyms With Biographies ... by R. C. S. Trahair, page 54
5. Jump up^ Chomsky, Noam (Nov 2002). Chomsky on Democracy & Education (Social Theory, Education, and Cultural Change). RoutledgeFalmer. ISBN 978-0-415-92632-4. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
6. Jump up^ Barsamian, David; Chomsky, Noam (May 2001). Propaganda and the Public Mind. South End Press. ISBN 978-0-89608-634-0.

[hide] v t e 1920s media culture
Collective imaginary	Flapper Betty Boop Modern girl Torches of Freedom Cosmetics in the 1920s
Theoreticians	Walter Lippmann Edward Bernays
Other topics	Tad Dorgan Federal Radio Commission
1930s topics	Mohawk Valley formula Remington Rand strike of 1936–1937

Categories: 

• History of labor relations in the United States
• Propaganda techniques

• This page was last modified on 24 September 2016, at 05:23.