(미국) 미국의 유네스코 탈퇴를 따르는 이스라엘

출처: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41598991

Israel to join US in quitting Unesco

• 12 October 2017
 
• From the sectionUS & Canada

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Image copyrightAFP

Image captionA 2016 Unesco resolution criticised Israel's activities at holy places in Jerusalem and the occupied West Bank 2016년도 유네스코 결의안은 예루살렘과 점령지 요르단강서안지구에서 행하는 이스라엘의 모든 활동을 비판한 바 있다

Israel has said it will join the US in pulling out of the UN's cultural organisation Unesco, after US officials cited "anti-Israel bias". 유네스코가 "반이스라엘편향"에 사로잡혀있기 때문에 탈퇴한 미국을 이스라엘도 따른다고 말했다 (pull out of: 에서 빠져 나오다, 탈퇴하다) (anti-Israel bias: 反이스라엘 편향)

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu praised the US decision as "brave and moral", a statement said. 이스라엘 수상은 미국의 결정이 "용감하고 도덕적"이라고 칭찬했다.

The agency is known for designating world heritage sites such as Syria's Palmyra and the US Grand Canyon. 유네스코(국제연합교육과학문화기구(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization))는 시리아의 팔미라와 미국의 그랜드캐뇬 등을 세계문화유산유적지로 지정한 단체로 유명하다.

Unesco head Irina Bokova earlier called the US withdrawal a matter of "profound regret".

The US withdrawal will become effective at the end of December 2018 - until then, the US will remain a full member. The US will establish an observer mission at the Paris-based organisation to replace its representation, the state department said. 미국의 탈퇴는 2018년 12월말 효력을 나타낼 것인데, 그 때까지 미국은 정회원으로 남아 있다.

Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu tweeted he had instructed his foreign ministry to "prepare Israel's withdrawal... in parallel with the United States". 이스라엘 수상은 자국 외교부가 "미국과 보조를 맞춰 이스라엘의 유네스코 탈퇴를 준비하도록" 지시했다고 트윗했다.

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Why does Trump dislike Unesco?

By Jonathan Marcus, BBC diplomatic correspondent

Unesco is an easy target for US President Donald Trump - it is a multilateral body with educational and developmental goals like promoting sex education, literacy and equality for women. 성교육, 탈문맹, 여성평등 등을 제고하는 교유과 발전의 목표를 지닌 다국적 단체인 유네스코는 트럼프의 쉬운 타켓이다.

The US withdrawal will be seen by many as a manifestation of Mr Trump's "America First" approach and his across-the-board hostility to multilateral organisations; the irony being that Unesco is part of the international architecture that the US helped to establish in the wake of World War Two. 미국의 탈퇴는 트럼프의 "미국 제일"의 표현이고 다국적 단체들에 대한 전면적 적대감의 표현으로 보일 것이다. 그런데 웃긴 건 이 단체는 2차대전 후에 미국이 설립하는데 큰 힘을 기울인 국제적인 건축의 일부라는 사실이다.

But it is the organisation's perceived anti-Israel bias that is the fundamental issue here. It has condemned Israel in the past for its activities in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and earlier this year it designated the old city of Hebron a Palestinian World Heritage Site - a step Israel insisted denied centuries of Jewish history there, not least the Tomb of the Patriarchs that dates back to biblical times.

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Why has Israel's prime minister acted too? 이스라엘 수상이 그런 결정을 내린 이유

The decision follows a string of Unesco decisions that have drawn criticism from the US and Israel. 이스라엘 수상의 유네스코 탈퇴 결정은 미국과 이스라엘을 비판한 일련의 유네스코 결정들 때문이다.

In 2011 the US cut its funding to the agency in protest at its decision to grant full membership to the Palestinians. 2011년 유네스코가 팔레스타인(자치정부)에게 정회원 자격을 부여하자, 미국은 유네스코에 회비(=분담금)납부를 중단했다.

And last year, Israel suspended co-operation with Unesco after the agency adopted a controversial resolution which made no reference to Jewish ties to a key holy site in Jerusalem. 작년에 유네스코가 유대와 예루살렘의 핵심성지의 유대관계를 언급하지 않아 논란이 된 결의안을 채택하면서, 이스라엘은 유네스코와의 협력을 중단했다. 

The resolution also criticised Israel's activities at holy places in Jerusalem and the occupied West Bank. 이 결의안에서 유네스코는 예루살렘의 성지들과 이스라엘이 점령한 요르단강서안지구에서 이스라엘이 벌이고 있는 활동들을 싸그리 비판한 바 있다.

Then earlier this year, Mr Netanyahu condemned Unesco for declaring the Old City of Hebron in the West Bank a Palestinian World Heritage site. 그리고 금년 들어선, 유네스코가 요르단강 서안지구에 있는 헤브론의 구시가지를 팔레스타인 세계문화유산 지역으로 지정했다.

He accused Unesco of ignoring Judaism's ancient connection to the city, which includes the crypt where its matriarchs and patriarchs are buried. 그는 유대의 남녀선조(족장)들이 뭍혀있는 지하실이 있는 이 헤브론의 구시가지와 고대 유대주의와 연관성을 유네스코가 무시했다고 비판했다.

Unesco's troubled timeline

Image captionThe Great Mosque of Djenne in Mali, among more than 1,000 sites on the World Heritage list

November 1945: Unesco founded by 37 countries in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, its purpose "to contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science and culture".

1974: Congress suspends US contribution after Unesco criticises Israel and recognises the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) - but later rejoins.

1984: Under President Ronald Reagan, US withdraws from Unesco, saying the agency is politically left-wing and financially irresponsible.

1985: UK withdraws, rejoining under change of government in 1997.

2003: US rejoins under George W Bush.

2011: US withdraws funding in protest at Palestinian membership of UN; arrears begin to accumulate.

2017: US announces it will withdraw entirely; Israel says it will follow suit.

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Does money play a part?

Yes. As well as accusing Unesco of bias, the US state department said it was also concerned about mounting financial arrears at the agency and said it should be reformed. (arrears[ə^|rɪrz] 체납금)

But that's mainly due to the US decision to cut more than $80m (£60m) worth of funding to the agency amid the furore over Palestinian membership six years ago - slashing its budget by 22%. (furore [^|fjʊrɔ:ri](about/over sth) (보통 많은 사람들의) 격분[소동]) 

Reports say the US withdrawal is also motivated by a desire to stop accruing arrears to the agency itself. Despite suspending funding the US continues to be charged, and now owes more than $500m. 미국의 유네스코 탈퇴는 유네스코에 누적되는 회비(분담금) 체납금을 안 내려는 속셈이다. 회비 납부를 중단하고 있지만 여전히 쌓여가고 있어 현재 체납금이 5억 달러(5천억원)를 넘는다. (accrue[ə^|kru:] [동사] ~ (to sb) (from sth) (금전, 부채 등) 누적되다, 축적되다)

Mr Trump has criticised what he sees as a disproportionate contribution by the US to UN institutions. The US funds 22% of the UN's regular budget and 28% of UN peacekeeping.

How has the UN reacted?

Unesco chief Ms Bokova said the withdrawal represented a loss to the "UN family" and to multilateralism in general.

But she admitted that "politicisation" had "taken its toll" on the organisation in recent years. 그녀는 정치이슈화가 유네스코에 타격을 입혔다고 시인했다.

Ms Bokova told the New York Times that she had informed members of Congress repeatedly that immediate payment of US arrears to Unesco was not an issue, and that American re-engagement in the organisation was the priority.

But she questioned the timing of the announcement, coming as Unesco chooses a new leader.

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said he "deeply regretted" the US decision but that the UN would continue to "interact with the United States very productively on a range of issues through a range of organisations".

And others?

The American Israel Public Affairs Committee (Aipac) applauded, saying that for years, the agency had "betrayed its original laudatory mission... and chosen instead to unfairly target the Middle East's lone democracy, Israel".

Russia said it regretted the decision, but agreed Unesco was too politicised. President Vladimir Putin's aide for culture Vladimir Tolstoy reportedly called the news "flabbergasting". (flabbergasting flabbergast 미국식 [flǽbərɡæ̀st] (구어) 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 어리둥절하게 하다 ((by, at)))