(중동) 유엔회원국들 트럼프의 선언에 반기를 들다

출처: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42446027

**아래의 기사를 통해 알 수 있는 사실들**

1. 유엔의 결의안은 법적인 구속력이 없다.

2. 유엔 회원국: 찬성 128 개국+기권 35 개국+반대 9개국+불참 21개국=193 개국

3. 한국은 찬성한 128개국 중 하나.

4. 1967년 중동전쟁에서 이스라엘이 東예루살렘을 점령했다. 

5. 동예루살렘은 팔레스타인들의 미래국가 수도이다.

6. 이스라엘의 예루살렘에 대한 주권은 국제적으로 인정받지 못한 상태이다.

7. 기타

Jerusalem: UN resolution rejects Trump's declaration

• 22 December 2017

The UN General Assembly has decisively backed a resolution effectively calling on the US to withdraw its recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. 유엔 총회는 미국이 이스라엘의 수도로서 예루살렘을 인정한 것을 철회하라는 결의안을 지지했다. (the UN General Assembly: 유엔 총회)

The text says that any decisions regarding the status of the city are "null and void" and must be cancelled. 결의안에 의하면, 예루살렘의 지위에 관한 어떤 결정도 "효력이 없으며" 철회되어야 한다. (null and void: 효력이 없는, 무효한)

The non-binding resolution was approved by 128 states, with 35 abstaining and nine others voting against. 구속력이 없는 결의안이지만 표결에 붙인 결과, 128개국이 찬성, 35개국이 기권, 9개국이 반대, 21개국이 불참. (non-binding: 구속력이 없는, 강제성이 없는)

It came after US President Donald Trump threatened to cut financial aid to those who backed the resolution.

Following the vote, state department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said the US was exploring "various options" and no decisions had yet been made.

How did UN members vote?

• The nine who voted against the resolution were the US, Israel, Guatemala, Honduras, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau and Togo
• Among the 35 abstaining were Canada and Mexico
• Those voting in favour included the other four permanent members of the UN Security Council (China, France, Russia and the UK) as well as key US allies in the Muslim world
• There were 21 countries who did not turn up for the vote.

Read more: How did your country vote?

What is so contentious about Jerusalem's status? 예루살렘의 지위가 논쟁이나 논란을 불러일으키는 이유 (contentious: 논란의, 논쟁의)

The status of Jerusalem goes to the heart of Israel's conflict with the Palestinians.

Israel occupied the east of the city in the 1967 Middle East war and regards the entire city as its indivisible capital. 이스라엘이 1967년 중동전쟁에서 東예루살렘을 점령하면서, 예루살렘 전체를 자국의 수도로 간주함. 이스라엘이 죽일 놈(?)임.

The Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the capital of a future state and its final status is meant to be discussed in the latter stages of peace talks. 팔레스타인측은 東예루살렘이 자기들의 미래국가의 수도라고 주장하고 있다.

• Anger in Ramallah and delight in West Jerusalem

Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem has never been recognised internationally, and all countries currently maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv. However, President Trump has told the US state department to start work on moving the US embassy. 이스라엘의 예루살렘에 대한 주권은 국제적으로 인정받지 못한 상태다. 해서 모든 국가들은 텔아비브에 자국 대사관을 설치했다. 그런데 어느 날 갑자기 트럼프가 미국무부에 미대사관을 이주하는 작업을 지시했던 것이다.

What does the UN resolution say?

The 193-member UN General Assembly held the rare emergency special session at the request of Arab and Muslim states, who condemned Mr Trump's decision to reverse decades of US policy earlier this month.

The Palestinians called for the meeting after the US vetoed a Security Council resolution that was similar to the text approved on Thursday.

The text put forward by Turkey and Yemen does not mention the US, but expresses "deep regret at recent decisions concerning the status of Jerusalem".

It also says "any decisions and actions which purport to have altered the character, status or demographic composition of the Holy City of Jerusalem have no legal effect, are null and void and must be rescinded in compliance with relevant resolutions of the Security Council".

What do Israel and the Palestinians say?

Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had promised to reject the results of the vote, calling the UN a "house of lies".

Afterwards he said in a statement: "Israel thanks President Trump for his unequivocal position in favour of Jerusalem and thanks those countries that voted alongside Israel, alongside the truth."

• The view from one street
• Trump Jerusalem shift puts counter-terror efforts at risk

A spokesman for Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas called the vote "a victory for Palestine".

How does the US see it?

In a speech before the vote, US permanent representative Nikki Haley stressed that the US decision did not prejudge any final status issues, and did not preclude a two-state solution if the parties agreed to that.

"The United States will remember this day, on which it was singled out for attack in the General Assembly for the very act of exercising our right as a sovereign nation," she said.

"America will put our embassy in Jerusalem. That is what the American people want us to do. And it is the right thing to do. No vote in the United Nations will make any difference on that."

On Wednesday, Mr Trump warned he might cut financial aid to states who voted in favour of the resolution.

"They take hundreds of millions of dollars and even billions of dollars and then they vote against us," he said. "Well, we're watching those votes," he added. "Let them vote against us. We'll save a lot. We don't care."

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Will Trump act in retaliation? 트럼프는 보복을 할 것인가? (retaliation: 앙갚음, 복수, 보복)

Analysis by Sebastian Usher, BBC Arab affairs analyst

The result of the UN General Assembly vote was inevitable: the US knew that the majority of states would vote for the resolution. But there may have been slightly more abstentions and votes against than had been expected - which will be some comfort to the Trump administration.

There's little surprise in the countries that voted against - the likes of Micronesia, Nauru and Togo had nothing to gain from voting against the interests of the US, which helps support them.

Canada, Mexico and Poland were amongst those that abstained, in a move that will do nothing to harm their relations with the US.

The votes for the resolution from powerful US allies, such as France, Germany and the UK, could be seen as a slap in the face for President Trump - but all would argue that they simply voted in line with the existing status quo at the UN. There was no pressing reason for them to switch from this stance.

But the real test of the vote will be whether the Trump administration acts on its threats to reconsider financial aid to some of those who backed the resolution. Key, too, will be whether the resolution will give fresh impetus to the protests against the US decision that have been going on ever since it was announced, but have yet to really catch fire.