(중동) 지난 3년 내전 동안 예멘의 5세이하 아동 85,000명 영양실조로 죽어갔다

Link: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46261983

Yemen crisis: 85,000 children 'dead from malnutrition'

• 21 November 2018

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• Yemen crisis

Image copyrightMOHAMMED AWADH/SAVE THE CHILDREN

Image captionChildren under the age of five are at greater risk of death from severe malnutrition

An estimated 85,000 children under the age of five may have died from acute malnutrition in three years of war in Yemen, a leading charity says.

The number is equivalent to the entire under-five population in the UK's second largest city of Birmingham, Save the Children adds.

The UN warned last month that up to 14m Yemenis are on the brink of famine.

It is trying to revive talks to end a three-year war which has caused the world's worst humanitarian crisis.

Yemen has been devastated by the conflict. Fighting escalated in 2015 when a Saudi-led coalition launched an air campaign against the Houthi rebel movement which had forced President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi to flee abroad.

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At least 6,800 civilians have been killed and 10,700 injured in the war, according to the UN. The fighting and a partial block글자색ade by the coalition have also left 22 million people in need of humanitarian aid, created the world's largest food security emergency, and led to a cholera outbreak that has affected 1.2 million people.

How did the charity work out the death toll?

It is difficult to get an exact number of deaths. Aid workers in Yemen say many go unreported because only half of the country's health facilities are functioning and many people are too poor to access the ones that remain open.

Save the Children says it based its figures on mortality rates for untreated cases of Severe Acute Malnutrition in children under five from data compiled by the UN. According to conservative estimates, it calculated that around 84,700 children may have died between April 2015 and October 2018.

Media captionYemen: Where children rummage through rubbish for food

Rising food prices and the falling value of the country's currency as a result of a civil war are putting more families at risk of food insecurity.

The UK-based charity blames the blockade for putting more people at risk of famine, with continued heavy fighting around the principal lifeline port of Hudaydah further exacerbating the situation.

The rebel-held port, through which the country has traditionally imported 90% of its food, has seen commercial imports fall by more than 55,000 metric tonnes a month, the charity says. This is enough to meet the needs of 4.4m people, including 2.2m children, it adds.

Save the Children said it had been forced to bring supplies for the north of Yemen through its southern port of Aden, which has significantly slowed down aid deliveries.

One mother's ordeal

Nusair, a 13-month-old boy, is among the children suffering from severe acute malnutrition who is being closely monitored by Save the Children.

He was treated in August but by October his health had deteriorated again.

Image copyrightMOHAMMED AWADH/SAVE THE CHILDREN

Image caption13-month-old Nusair

By that time he and his mother had been forced to relocate to a remote area due to increased fighting near their home and were unable to make the long trip to hospital.

"I can't go to sleep, it is torturing, and I am worried about my children. I couldn't live if any harm came to them," his mother, Suad, told the charity.

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What happens to the malnourished children?

The charity says that based on historical studies, if acute malnutrition is left untreated, around 20-30% of children will die each year.

"For every child killed by bombs and bullets, dozens are starving to death and it's entirely preventable," its Yemen director, Tamer Kirolos, says.

"Children who die in this way suffer immensely as their vital organ functions slow down and eventually stop. Their immune systems are so weak they are more prone to infections with some too frail to even cry.

"Parents are having to witness their children wasting away, unable to do anything about it."

He further warned that an estimated 150,000 children's lives were endangered in Hudaydah with "a dramatic increase" in air strikes over the city in recent weeks.

Isn't Yemen already suffering from famine?

Not yet - but it's getting close.

Just last month, the UN warned that half the population of the war-torn country was facing "pre-famine conditions".

Media captionThe UN says Yemen is on the brink of the world's worst famine in 100 years if the war continues

A country has to meet the following criteria to be declared in famine: 한 국가가 기근상태가 기근상태로 인정받기 위한 조건

• At least one in five households faces an extreme lack of food 5분의 1가구가 음식의 절대적 부족
• More than 30% of children under five are suffering from acute malnutrition 5세 미만 아동의 30% 이상이 급성 영양실조로 고통받음
• At least two people out of every 10,000 are dying every day 매일 최소한 1만명당 2명이 죽음

The UN said - based on assessments from a year ago - the first two thresholds had either been exceeded or was dangerously close in 107 of Yemen's 333 districts. But the third threshold about numbers of deaths was more difficult to confirm. The organisation is currently repeating the assessments.

What's the latest with the conflict?

UN envoy Martin Griffiths arrived in the Yemeni capital Sanaa on Wednesday for talks with the Houthi rebels in a bid to lay the groundwork for peace talks in Sweden.

It comes after a lull in violence was broken on Tuesday, with intense fighting erupting between the Saudi-led coalition and Houthi rebels in Hudaydah.

On Monday, the UK presented a draft resolution to the UN urging an immediate truce in the port city and giving both sides of the conflict a two-week deadline to remove all barriers to humanitarian aid.

Separately, Saudi Arabia and its ally, the UAE, have pledged $500m (£390m; €440m) in food aid, and say it is intended to reach 10 to 12 million Yemenis.