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(아시아/베트남) 베트남 프로파일: (5) 중요사건 연대표국제문제/동남아 2014. 9. 18. 21:55
출처: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-16568035
15 May 2014 Last updated at 10:38
Vietnam profile 베트남 프로파일
(5) Timeline 중요사건 연대표
A chronology of key events: 중요 사건 연대표
1858 - French colonial rule begins. 불란서 식민통치 시작
1930 - Ho Chi Minh founds the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP). 호치민(胡志明) 인도차이나 공산당 창당
1941 - ICP organises a guerrilla force, Viet Minh, in response to invasion by Japan during World War II. 제2차 세계대전 기간 일본의 침략에 대응하여, 인도차이나 공산당 게릴라 세력(비엣민) 조직.
1945 - The Viet Minh seizes power. Ho Chi Minh announces Vietnam's independence. 비엣민이 권력 쟁취. 호치민 베트남 독립 선언.
1946 - French forces attack Viet Minh in Haiphong in November, sparking the war of resistance against the colonial power. 불란서 세력들이 11월에 하이펑에 있는 비엣 민을 공격함으로써 식민지배세렉에 대한 정항운동에 불을 지핌.
1950 - Democratic Republic of Vietnam is recognised by China and USSR. 베트남 민주공화국이 중국과 舊소련에게 인정받음.
1954 - Viet Minh forces attack an isolated French military outpost in the town of Dien Bien Phu. The attempt to take the outpost lasts two months, during which time the French government agrees to peace talks in Geneva. 비엣 민은 옌비엔푸 市에 있는 고립된 불란서 군사기지를 공격함. 불란서 정부가 제네바에서 평화협상을 하는 동안, 이 기지를 점령하기 위한 공격이 2개월 걸렸음.
Vietnam is split into North and South at Geneva conference. 제네바 협상에서 베트남이 남과 북으로 갈림.
1956 - South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem begins campaign against political dissidents. 南베트남 대통령 응오 인 옘 정치적으로 반대하는 사람들에게 캠페인 시작
1957 - Beginning of Communist insurgency in the South. 남쪽에서 공산주의 내란 시작
1959 - Weapons and men from North Vietnam begin infiltrating the South. 北베트남에서 무기와 남자들이 남쪽에 잠입하기 시작함.
1960 - American aid to Diem increased. 미국 南베트남정권 지원 강화
1962 - Number of US military advisors in South Vietnam rises to 12,000. 南베트남의 美군사자문단의 숫자가 12,000명으로 늘어남.
1963 - Viet Cong, the communist guerrillas operating in South Vietnam, defeat units of the ARVN, the South Vietnamese Army. 남베트남에서 활약하는 공산주의 게릴라 베트콩이 남베트남군의 일부 격파함.
President Diem is overthrown and then killed in a US-backed military coup. 남베트남 대통령이 쫓겨나 미국이 사주하는 쿠데타로 사망함.
US enters the war 미국 전쟁 개입
1964 - Gulf of Tonkin incident: the US says North Vietnamese patrol boats fire on two US Navy destroyers. US Congress approves Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorising military action in region. 톤킨灣 사건: 미국측 주장은 북베트남 순시선이 2척의 미국해군구축함에 방화를 했다고 함. 미의회는 톤킨灣 결의안을 승인하여, 이 지역에 대한 군사작전을 허가함.
1965 - 200,000 American combat troops arrive in South Vietnam. 20만의 미국 전투병력이 남베트남에 당도함.
1966 - US troop numbers in Vietnam rise to 400,000, then to 500,000 the following year. 남베트남이 있는 미국 전투병력이 40만까지 늘었는데, 당해년도 50만까지 증원됨.
1968 - Tet Offensive - a combined assault by Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese army on US positions - begins. More than 500 civilians die in the US massacre at My Lai. Thousands are killed by communist forces during their occupation of the city of Hue. 베트콩과 북베트남군의 미군에 대한 뗏명절을 이용한 공격이 시작됨. 500명 이상의 민간인이 미군의 미라이에서의 대량살상으로 희생당함. 수천 명이 후에市를 공산주의 세력이 장악하면서 살해당함.
1969 - Ho Chi Minh dies. President Nixon begins to reduce US ground troops in Vietnam as domestic public opposition to the war grows. 호치민 사망. 미국내 반전운동이 확산되면서, 미국 닉슨 대통령이 베트남에서 미지상군의 감소를 시작함.
1970 - Nixon's national security advisor, Henry Kissinger, and Le Duc Tho, for the Hanoi government, start talks in Paris. 닉슨의 국가안전 고문 헨리 키신저와 하노이 정부의 대표 레 윽 토가 파리에서 회담을 시작함.
1973 - Ceasefire agreement in Paris, US troop pull-out completed by March. 파리에서 정전협정, 3월까지 미군의 철수 완료됨.
1975 - North Vietnamese troops invade South Vietnam and take control of the whole country after South Vietnamese President Duong Van Minh surrenders.
Reconstruction
1976 - Socialist Republic of Vietnam proclaimed. Saigon is re-named Ho Chi Minh City. Hundreds of thousands flee abroad, including many "boat people".
1979 - Vietnam invades Cambodia and ousts the Khmer Rouge regime of Pol Pot. In response, Chinese troops cross Vietnam's northern border. They are pushed back by Vietnamese forces. The number of "boat people" trying to leave Vietnam causes international concern.
1986 - Nguyen Van Linh becomes party leader. He introduces a more liberal economic policy.
1989 - Vietnamese troops withdraw from Cambodia.
1992 - New constitution adopted allowing certain economic freedoms. The Communist Party remains the leading force in Vietnamese society.
Reconciliation
1994 - US lifts its 30-year trade embargo.
1995 - Vietnam and US restore full diplomatic relations. Vietnam becomes full member of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean).
1997 - Le Kha Phieu becomes party leader. Tran Duc Luong chosen as president, Phan Van Khai becomes prime minister.
1998 - A senior party member, Pham The Duyet, faces charges of corruption. Economic growth slumps in the wake of the Asian financial crisis.
1999 - A former high-ranking party member, Tran Do, is expelled after calling for more democracy and freedom of ｅxpression.
2000 - US President Bill Clinton pays a three-day official visit. The US pledges more help to clear landmines left over from the Vietnam war. The Vietnamese government estimates nearly 40,000 people have been killed by unexploded munitions.
2001 - The Communist Party chooses Nong Duc Manh as its new leader. US, Vietnam implement a trade agreement which normalises the trade status between them.
2002 - Russia hands back the Cam Ranh Bay naval base, once the largest Soviet base outside the Warsaw Pact. President Tran Duc Luong reappointed for second term by National Assembly, which also reappoints Prime Minister Phan Van Khai for second five-year term.
2004 - First US commercial flight since the end of the Vietnam War touches down in Ho Chi Minh City.
2005 - Prime Minister Phan Van Khai makes the first visit to the US by a Vietnamese leader since the end of the Vietnam War.
2006 January onwards - Senior officials are investigated over the alleged embezzlement of millions of dollars of state money in the transport ministry.
2006 June - As part of an anticipated political shake-up, the prime minister, president and National Assembly chairman are replaced by younger leaders.
WTO membership
2007 January - After 12 years of talks, Vietnam becomes the 150th member of the World Trade Organization.
2007 February - Government approves a $33bn plan to build a high-speed rail link between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in the south.
2007 February - US agrees for the first time to help fund a study into the removal of Agent Orange, the highly toxic defoliant used by US forces, from a former US base in Da Nang.
2007 June - President Nguyen Minh Triet makes first visit to the US by a Vietnamese head of state since the Vietnam War ended in 1975.
2007 July - Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung reappointed, promises to push through economic reforms.
2008 April - Vietnam launches first communications satellite from French Guiana.
Media clampdown
2008 October - US and international media campaigners condemn the guilty verdicts on two Vietnamese journalists Nguyen Viet Chien and Nguyen Van Hai, who had helped to expose a major corruption scandal. Nguyen Van Hai pleads guilty and is spared imprisonment.
2008 November - Vietnam says it plans to enforce a two-child policy in an attempt to control population growth.
2008 December - China and Vietnam resolve border dispute 30 years after 1979 war which left tens of thousands dead.
Government bans bloggers from raising "inappropriate" subjects.
2009 January - Jailed journalist Nguyen Viet Chien is among more than 15,000 prisoners freed early under a Lunar New Year amnesty - one of Vietnam's largest.
Government dismisses Nguyen Cong Khe and Le Hoang, the editors of the two largest pro-reform newspapers, over their coverage of the October corruption scandal trial.
2009 June - Vietnam calls on China to stop preventing Vietnamese fishermen from working in what Hanoi says are its territorial waters amid growing tensions over fishing grounds.
2009 October - Six democracy activists sentenced to up to six years in prison for "spreading propaganda" against the government by hanging pro-democracy banners on a road bridge.
2009 December - Pro-democracy activist Tran Anh Kim receives five-and-a-half-year jail sentence for subversion after allegedly publishing pro-democracy articles on internet.
2010 January - Four activists, including prominent human rights lawyer Le Cong Dinh, are jailed on charges of trying to overthrow the government. Rights groups abroad say the case is a sign of an growing clampdown on freedom of ｅxpression.
2010 May - Human Rights Watch accuses Vietnam of intensifying its suppression of online dissent.
2010 July/August - The government arrests the chairman of shipbuilding corporation Vinashin, one of the country's largest state-owned companies, for allegedly nearly bankrupting the enterprise.
2011 January - Five-yearly congress of the Communist Party reappoints Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung and elects the head of the national assembly, Nguyen Phu Trong, as party secretary-general.
2011 June - Vietnam begins joint operation with the United States to clean up contamination from the toxic Agent Orange defoliant widely used by the US military during the Vietnam war.
2011 October - China and Vietnam sign an agreement to manage the South China Sea dispute. It includes a hotline to deal with emergencies and a provision for twice-yearly bilateral meetings.
2012 June: Vietnam surpasses Brazil to become the world's largest coffee exporter.
2012 October: Communist Party chief Nguyen Phu Trong acknowledges mistakes in preventing corruption in response to public anger over a recent spate of scandals at state-owned enterprises.
2012 November: The communist-dominated parliament votes to require elected leaders, including the president and the prime minister, to face annual confidence votes. Observers say the votes may be little more than symbolic.
2013 February - Twenty two people sentenced for trying to overthrow the government, in what is seen as a renewed clampdown on freedom of ｅxpression.
2013 August - New decree bans internet users from discussing current affairs online.
2013 September - Economy grows by 5.14% in first three quarters of year, marking return to growth after years of stagnation.
2013 October - Leading dissident Le Quoc Quan sentenced to 30 months in jail for tax evasion, charges his supporters say are politically motivated.
2014 January - State media for first time marks anniversary of South Vietnam's 1974 clash with China over Paracel Islands, in sign of growing tension over Chinese intentions in the area.
Court sentences former Vietinbank official Huynh Thi Huyen Nhu to life in prison in possibly country's largest fraud trial. Twenty-two others get jail terms of up to 20 years, but public voices discontent at clearing bank of any liability.
2014 March-April - Vietnam releases high-profile democracy campaigners Cu Huy Ha Vu, Nguyen Tien Trung and Vi Duc Hoi amid Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade talks with the United States.
At same time prominent bloggers Pham Viet Dao and Truong Duy Nhat jailed for "abusing democratic freedoms to infringe interests of state".
2014 May - one Chinese worker killed and at least 90 other people injured when protesters attack Taiwanese-owned steel mill in Ha Tinh province. Crowds attack several other foreign-owned companies in protest at China's moving drilling rig into waters also claimed by Vietnam in South China Sea.
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