(종교) Apostolic Prefecture 가톨릭 용어: 지목구(知牧區)

출처: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_prefect

Apostolic Prefect

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

See also: Catholic Church hierarchy § Equivalents of diocesan bishops in law

Part of a series on the
Hierarchy of the Catholic Church
Saint Peter
Ecclesiastical titles[hide] Pope Cardinal  Cardinal-nephew Cardinal protector Crown-cardinal Cardinal Vicar   Moderator of the curia Chaplain of His Holiness Papal legate Papal majordomo Apostolic Nuncio Apostolic Delegate Apostolic Syndic Apostolic visitor Vicar Apostolic Apostolic Exarch Apostolic Prefect Assistant at the Pontifical Throne Eparch Metropolitan Patriarch Archbishop  Bishop Bishop Emeritus Diocesan bishop Major archbishop Primate Suffragan bishop Titular bishop Coadjutor bishop Auxiliary bishop   Territorial prelate Territorial abbot
Liturgical titles[hide] Acolyte Consecrator Lector Reader Subdeacon
Administrative and pastoral titles[hide] Auditor Brother Chancellor Chaplain  Military chaplain Military ordinary   Coarb Confessor Consultor Curate Deacon Defender of the Bond Definitor Diocesan administrator Ecclesiastical judge Episcopal vicar Exorcist Judicial vicar Lay brother Lay cardinal Monsignor Officialis Pastor Assistant pastor   Personal prelate Preacher Prefect Presbyter Priest Protonotary Apostolic Saint  Blessed Venerable   Seminarian Vicar forane Vicar general
Consecrated and professed titles[hide] Abbess Abbot Consecrated virgin Corrector Custos Friar Dean Grand Master Hermit Master general Master of novices Monk Novice Nun  Postulant   Oblate Prior Provincial superior Rector Religious Superior general
Additional titles[hide] Almoner Archimandrite Archpriest Archdeacon Canon Chorbishop Commissary Apostolic Datarius Honorary Prelate Minor canon Notarius Ostiarius Peritus Postulator Precentor Prince-bishop Promotor Fidei Protopriest Protodeacon Protosyncellus Regionarius
Organization titles[hide] Grand Master  Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Grand Master of the Knights Templar Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights Grand Master of the Order of Santiago Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava   President of the Holy Name Society Knights of Columbus  Knights of Saint Columbanus Knights of St Columba Knights of the Southern Cross Knight Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great Chairman of the Pioneer Total Abstinence Association General Director of Regnum Christi
Index of religious honorifics and titles  Catholicism portal
v t e

An apostolic prefect or prefect apostolic is a priest who heads what is known as an apostolic prefecture, a missionary area where the Catholic Church is not yet sufficiently developed to have it made a diocese.

If a prefecture grows and flourishes, it may be elevated to an apostolic vicariate, headed by a titular bishop, in the hope that with time the region will generate enough Catholics and stability for its Catholic institutions, to warrant being established as a diocese.

The usual sequence of development is: mission, prefecture, vicariate, diocese.

The apostolic prefecture and the apostolic vicariate are to be distinguished from the territorial abbacy (formerly called an "abbey nullius").

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1History
• 2List of current apostolic prefectures
  • 2.1In China
  • 2.2Elsewhere in Asia
  • 2.3Partly Asia, partly Europe
  • 2.4Americas
  • 2.5Oceania
  • 2.6Africa
• 3List of historic apostolic prefectures
  • 3.1Europe
  • 3.2Americas
  • 3.3Asia
  • 3.4Oceania
  • 3.5Africa and Indian Ocean
• 4See also
• 5References
• 6Sources and External links

History[edit]

During the last centuries of the second millennium it was the practice of the Holy See to govern either through prefects apostolic or apostolic vicariates, many territories where no dioceses with resident bishops were erected and where local circumstances, such as the character and customs of the people or hostility of civil powers, made it doubtful whether an episcopal see could be permanently established. The establishing of a prefecture apostolic in a place supposes that the Church has attained only a small development in the area. Fuller growth leads to the foundation of an apostolic vicariate as an intermediate stage to becoming a diocese.

A prefect apostolic is of lower rank than a vicar apostolic. The prefect's powers are more limited and do not normally possess the episcopal character, as is ordinarily the case with a vicar apostolic. The duties of a prefect apostolic consist in directing the work of the mission entrusted to his care; his powers are in general those necessarily connected with the ordinary administration of such an office, for instance: the assigning of missionaries and the making of regulations for the good management of the affairs of the mission. Until the Second Vatican Council, the prefect apostolic had extraordinary faculties for several cases reserved otherwise to diocesan bishops, such as absolutions from censures, dispensations from matrimonial impediments and the faculty of consecrating chalices, patens, and portable altars, with some having the power to administer Confirmation.

Prefects apostolic govern independent territories and are subject only to the pope. When a vicariate or a diocese extended over a very large territory in which the Catholic population was unequally distributed, the Holy See sometimes placed a portion of the territory in charge of a prefect apostolic; in which case the faculties of the prefect were more limited, and in the exercise of his office he was supervised by the vicar apostolic or the diocesan bishop. With a view to better protecting the authority of the local vicar apostolic or bishop, it was proposed in the First Vatican Council to abolish prefects apostolic having jurisdiction over districts within a vicariate or diocese of the Latin Rite, but the Council was interrupted and the practice continued until Pope Leo XIII abolished them within the Oriental Churches by a decree of Propaganda Fide on 12 September 1896, and established superiors with special dependence on the papal representatives of the areas concerned.

In 1911 there were 66 prefectures apostolic: 5 in Europe; 17 in Asia; 3 in North America (e.g., the Yukon); 11 in South America; 23 in Africa and 7 in Oceania.

At the end of 2010, the prefectures apostolic were only 39, of which the vast majority (29) were in PR China (many vacant), where development of the Catholic Church, including that of the prefectures, had long been hindered by actions of the government. The 10 other prefectures included a newly created one for Azerbaijan, 4 more in Asia, 3 in Africa, 1 in the Americas and 1 in Oceania.^[1]

List of current apostolic prefectures[edit]

In China[edit]

Ankang 安康 / Hinganfu 兴安[disambiguation needed] Baojing 保靖 / Paoking Guilin 桂林 / Kweilin Hainan 海南 / Hainan Haizhou 海州 / Haichow Jiamusi 佳木斯 / Kiamusze Jian′ou 建甌 / Kienow Lingling 零岭 / Yongzhou 永州 / Yungchow Linqing 臨清 / Lintsing Lintong 臨潼 / Lintung Lixian 澧縣 / Lizhou 澧州 / Lichow Qiqihar 齊齊哈爾 / Tsitsibar Shaowu 邵武 / Shashi 沙市 / Shasi Shiqian 石阡 / Shihtsien

Suixian 隨縣 / Suihsien Tongzhou 同州 / Tungchow Tunxi 屯溪 / Tunki Weihaiwei 威海衛 / Weihaiwei Xiangtan 湘潭 / Siangtan Xining 西寧 / Sining Xinjiang 新絳 / Jiangzhou 絳州 / Kiangchow Xinjiang-Urumqi 新疆-烏魯木齊 / Sinkiang Xinxiang 新鄉 / Sinsiang Yangzhou 揚州 / Yangchow Yiduxian 益都縣 / Iduhsien Yixian 易縣 / Yihsien Yueyang 岳陽 / Yuezhou 岳州 / Yochow Zhaotong 昭通 / Chaotung

Elsewhere in Asia[edit]

• Battambang in Cambodia
• Kompong Cham in Cambodia
• Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia
• Yuzhno Sakhalinsk in Russia

Partly Asia, partly Europe[edit]

• Baku, in and covering Azerbaijan (raised to the level of prefecture on 4 August 2011; had been Mission of Baku from 11 October 2006)

Americas[edit]

• Falkland or Malvinas Islands including South Georgia

Oceania[edit]

• Marshall Islands, not exempt but in the ecclesiastical province of Agana.

Africa[edit]

• Misurata in Libya
• Western Sahara
• Robe, in Ethiopia

List of historic apostolic prefectures[edit]

(very incomplete)

Most former apostolic prefectures were promoted to apostolic vicariate or (mostly later) to diocese or archdiocese, but some ceased to exist (at least under their name or extent), sometimes dismembered.

Europe[edit]

• Lausitz (Lusatia) (Germany)
• Rhodes and adjacent islands (insular Greece)

Americas[edit]

• Îles de la Terre Ferme

Asia[edit]

• French Colonies in India (then French Indonia)
• Palawan (Indonesia)

Oceania[edit]

• German Solomon Islands
• Northern Solomon Islands
• South Seas Islands

Africa and Indian Ocean[edit]

• Bourbon (then meaning Réunion island)
• Delta of the Nile (Egtpt)
• Eritrea
• Katanga (then Belgian Congo)

See also[edit]

• Catholicism portal

• List of Catholic dioceses (alphabetical)
• List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)
• List of Roman Catholic archdioceses
• List of Catholic military ordinariates/(arch)dioceses
• List of Catholic apostolic administrations (permanent or ad hoc)
• List of Catholic apostolic vicariates
• List of Eastern Catholic exarchates
• List of Catholic territorial prelatures
• List of Catholic missions sui juris

References[edit]

1. Jump up^ Annuario Pontificio 2012, pp. 1061-1065

Sources and External links[edit]

• GCatholic.org - List of Current Apostolic Prefectures; and many other pages

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Prefect Apostolic". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.

[show] v t e Catholic Church

Categories: 

• Apostolic prefects
• Roman Catholic Apostolic Prefectures
• Ecclesiastical titles
• Roman Catholic missionary work

• This page was last modified on 18 June 2016, at 02:50.