(건강) 실험실에서 배양된 암을 죽이는 줄기세포

출처: http://www.bbc.com/news/health-29756238

24 October 2014 Last updated at 23:27

Cancer-killing stem cells engineered in lab 실험실에서 배양된 암을 죽이는 줄기세포

Brain tumours are often solid and hard to reach so stem cells are an effective way of targeting them

Scientists from Harvard Medical School have discovered a way of turning stem cells into killing machines to fight brain cancer. 하바드 의학대학 소속 과학자들이 뇌암과 싸울 수 있도록 줄기세포를 암을 잡는 기계로 전환하는 방법을 발견했다.

In experiments on mice, the stem cells were genetically engineered to produce and secrete toxins which kill brain tumours, without killing normal cells or themselves. 쥐에 대한 실험에서, 정상적인 세포나 자신을 죽이지 않고도 뇌종양을 죽이는 비밀 독소를 만들어 내도록, 줄기세포들이 유전적으로 만들어졌다.

Researchers said the next stage was to test the procedure in humans. 연구자들은 연구의 다음단계는 사람에게 실험을 해보는 거라고 말한다.

A stem cell expert said this was "the future" of cancer treatment. 줄기세포 전문가는 이 결과는 암처치의 "미래"라고 말한다.

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We do see the toxins kill the cancer cells”

Dr Khalid ShahMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School

The study, published in the journal Stem Cells, was the work of scientists from Massachusetts General Hospital and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute. 줄기세포 학회지에 발표된 본 연구는 메사추세츠 종합병원과 하바드 줄기세포 연구소의 합작품이다.

For many years, they had been researching a stem-cell-based therapy for cancer, which would kill only tumour cells and no others.

They used genetic engineering to make stem cells that spewed out cancer-killing toxins, but, crucially, were also able to resist the effects of the poison they were producing.

They also posed no risk to normal, healthy cells.

In animal tests, the stem cells were surrounded in gel and placed at the site of the brain tumour after it had been removed.

Their cancer cells then died as they had no defence against the toxins.

Toxin-producing stem cells (in blue) help kill brain tumour cells in the tumour cavity (in green)

Dr Khalid Shah, lead author and director of the molecular neurotherapy and imaging lab at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, said the results were very positive.

"After doing all of the molecular analysis and imaging to track the inhibition of protein synthesis within brain tumours, we do see the toxins kill the cancer cells."

He added: "Cancer-killing toxins have been used with great success in a variety of blood cancers, but they don't work as well in solid tumours because the cancers aren't as accessible and the toxins have a short half-life."

But genetically engineering stem cells has changed all that, he said.

"Now, we have toxin-resistant stem cells that can make and release cancer-killing drugs."

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This study shows you can attack solid tumours by putting mini pharmacies inside the patient...”

Prof Chris MasonUniversity College London

Chris Mason, professor of regenerative medicine at University College London, said: "This is a clever study, which signals the beginning of the next wave of therapies.

"It shows you can attack solid tumours by putting mini pharmacies inside the patient which deliver the toxic payload direct to the tumour.

"Cells can do so much. This is the way the future is going to be."

Nell Barrie, senior science information manager for Cancer Research UK, said it was an "ingenious approach".

"We urgently need better treatments for brain tumours and this could help direct treatment to exactly where it's needed.

"But so far the technique has only been tested in mice and on cancer cells in the lab, so much more work will need to be done before we'll know if it could help patients with brain tumours."

She said this type of research could help boost survival rates and bring much-needed progress for brain cancers.

Dr Shah now plans to test the technique using a number of different therapies on mice with glioblastoma, the most common brain tumour in human adults.

He hopes the therapies could be used in clinical trials within the next five years.