국제문제/남미

(남미) 위키: Philip Morris v. Uruguay 다국적 담배제조사 필립 모리스와 우루과이의 분쟁

밝은하늘孤舟獨釣 2017. 6. 28. 09:28

출처: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Morris_v._Uruguay

아래 짧은 글의 BBC 동영상 출처: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0572n38


How Uruguay took on a tobacco giant - and won (take on: 고용하다. 떠맡다. ~와 대결하다. 여기선 '대결하다'는 뜻.)

A combination of anti-smoking packaging, public action and the will to prioritise the health of its citizens saw one of Latin America's smallest countries set a powerful precedent for world health in its defeat of Philip Morris, one of the world's largest tobacco companies. Smoking rates, particularly in the youngest of the population, are now falling. Eric Crosbie from the Center of Tobacco Control at the University of California, explains how it all began.



Philip Morris v. Uruguay

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Philip Morris v. Uruguay
World Bank building at Washington.jpg
Office ICSID in 2006.
CourtICSID
Full case nameARB/10/7. Philip Morris Brand Sàrl (Switzerland), Philip Morris Products S.A. (Switzerland) v. Oriental Republic of Uruguay
Decided8 July de 2016 (6 years old)
Transcript(s)Sentence links
Court membership
Judge(s) sittingGary Born, James Crawford, Piero Bernardini
Keywords
Cigarettes, intellectual property, health
No smoking symbol.svg

The Philip Morris v. Uruguay case (Spanish: Caso Philip Morris contra Uruguay) started on 19 February 2010, when the multinational tobacco company Philip Morris International filed a complaint against Uruguay.[1] The company complains that Uruguay's anti-smoking legislation devalues its cigarette trademarks and investments in the country and is suing Uruguay for compensation under the bilateral investment treaty between Switzerland and Uruguay.[2] (Philip Morris is headquartered in Lausanne.)[3]

**사건의 발단**

다국적 담배제조사 필립 모리스가 2010년 2월19일 우루과이의 반흡연법이 자기들 영업이익에 걸림돌로 작용하니까 우루과이를 국제투자분쟁조정센터에 제소함.

The treaty provides that disputes are settled by binding arbitration before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).[4] (arbitration: 중재) (the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes: 국제투자분쟁조정센터)

Uruguay had received accolades from the World Health Organization and from anti-smoking activists for its anti-smoking campaign.[5] (accolade: 표창)

On 8 July 2016, after 6 years, the ICSID ruled in favor of Uruguay, forcing the demandant to pay the expenses of the defendants and the court.[6][7][8］ (demandant: 원고) (defendant: 피고)

**결과** 

6년의 시간이 흐른 뒤, 2016년 7월8일, 마침내 국제투자분쟁조정센터(ICSID: Internation Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes)는 우루과이의 손을 들어줌. 

Tabacaleras[edit]

The history of tobacco companies in Uruguay begins with the creation of the Compañía Industrial de Tabacos Monte Paz S.A., founded in 1880. Represented the brands: Nevada, Coronado and California, among others.[9] In 1945 the company Abal Hermanos S.A. appeared as representative of the brands: Marlboro, Benson & Hedges, Silver Mint, Philip Morris, Casino, Next and L&M. The British American Tobacco (BAT) was selling tobacco as well as cigarettes. He retired from Uruguay on 21 April 2010, when he represented brands: Kent, Kool, Lucky Strike and Pall Mall.[10]

Context[edit]

Cigarette box of the company Philip Morris.
Philip Morris belongs to the Altria Group.
Flag of Uruguay.svg

On 19 June 2003, when the Uruguayan President was Jorge Batlle, the General Assembly of Uruguay approved the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, an agreement whereby Policies recommended by the World Health Organization were implemented.

In 2006, Uruguay under President Tabaré Vázquez, an oncologist by profession, began to enact comprehensive anti-smoking legislation. on 1 March 2006, Uruguay became the first country in Latin America to prohibit smoking in enclosed public spaces.[11] In March 2008 the legislature approved Law 18.256 [12] which includes six strategies of anti-smoking policy.

Some of the measures by the government were the ban on selling different types of presentations of the same brand of cigarettes, the dissemination of images warning about the risks of smoking and covering at least 80% of the cigarette pack, raising of taxes, banning cigarette advertising in the media, and banning sponsorship of sports events. In addition, smoking was banned in public places such as offices, student centers, bars, restaurants, dances and public places, among others.

The smokefree campaign "Libre de Humo de Tabaco" was gradually implemented by the "Ministerio de Salud Pública del Uruguay" (Ministry of Public Health of Uruguay).[13]

Campaign[edit]

Complaint[edit]

Philip Morris International is a multinational company, a leading producer of cigarettes, of which it owns seven out of twenty global brands.

The tobacco company initiated a claim in the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), a part of the World Bank seeking $25 million in compensation from Uruguay.[14] In that forum, an arbitration tribunal was formed with one arbitrator appointed by each party and a third arbitrator elected by the arbitrators appointed by the parties. The plaintiffs are FTR Holding SA (Switzerland), Philip Morris Products SA (Switzerland) and Abal Hermanos SA (PMI representative in Uruguay) against Uruguay (ICSID Case No. ARB/10/7).[15]

"We have no choice but to litigate" said Rees. The company said it has sought to dialogue with the government without success.[2] (litigate:  고소하다) 

— Morgan Rees, Director Communications Regulatory Philip Morris International, in 2010.

"Philip Morris (which sued Uruguay for its anti smoking measures) wants to make an example to Uruguay and intimidate other countries."[16]

— Tabaré Vázquez, November 2010.

Philip Morris has filed similar cases against Norway and Australia.

COP4 y OMS[edit]

Findings[edit]

  • 2 July 2013: the tribunal decides it has jurisdiction in the case Philip Morris versus Uruguay.[17]
  • 8 July 2016: the tribunal rules in favour of Uruguay and orders Philip Morris to pay Uruguay $7 million, in addition to all fees and expenses of the Tribunal.[18]

Supports[edit]

The World Health Organization (WHO)[19] and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) supports Uruguay.[20] Uruguay's anti-smoking efforts also received support from past New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg,[21] and from Bernard Borel, Swiss deputy from the Canton of Vaud.[22]

Instances[edit]

Logo of the World No Tobacco Day.

Effects[edit]

According to Enrico Bonadio, Senior Lecturer in Law at City University London, the ruling in the case "may make it more difficult for tobacco companies to use lawsuits to produce a “chilling effect” and so discourage countries from introducing tobacco control policies."[23]

** 효과 ** 

런던시립대학 법학교수 엔리코 보난디오에 의하면, 차후로 담배제조사가 국가를 상대로 소송을 제기하여 그 국가가 담배억제정책을 못하도록 "칠링 이펙트 chilling effect: 찬물끼얹는 효과)를 할 수 없을 것으로 보임.

Sentence[edit]

Carissa Etienne in 2015.

The resolution of the case, which settled jurisprudence international, took 6 years and ended on 8 July 2016. The World Bank [ICSID] ruled in favor of Uruguay, forcing the demandant to pay the costs of the defendants and the court. The final report established that Philip Morris had to pay 7 million dollars to the country for judicial expenses, in addition to paying different amounts for the fees and administrative expenses of the three arbitrators and the CADI.[24] Gary Born emitted a discordant decision in two of the points of the judicial failure.

After its victory in the case, the government declared that from 2017 cigarettes in Uruguay will be sold in generic packaging.[25][26][27]

"This decision is an acknowledgment of Uruguay's continued efforts to protect its population from tobacco use and tobacco smoke from others."[28]

— Carissa Etienne, Director of the Pan American Health Organization, August 2016.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. Jump up^ El Espectador (9 March 2010). "Philip Morris versus Uruguay" (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 November 2010.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b BBC (12 March 2010). "Tabacalera Philip Morris demanda a Uruguay" (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 November 2010.
  3. Jump up^ PMI. "Philip Morris International Management SA - Switzerland Operations Centre". Retrieved 15 November 2010.
  4. Jump up^ AP (8 July 2016). "Uruguay Wins Dispute With Tobacco Giant Philip Morris". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2016-07-09. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  5. Jump up^ El Observador (6 September 2011). "Cigarrillos mentolados aumentan la adicción" (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  6. Jump up^ El País. "Philip Morris deberá pagar a Uruguay US$ 7 millones por gastos judiciales" (in Spanish).
  7. Jump up^ BCC. "Histórico fallo a favor de Uruguay en el juicio contra la tabacalera Philip Morris" (in Spanish).
  8. Jump up^ elfinanciero. "Esta es la historia de Uruguay (David) contra Philip Morris (Goliath)" (in Spanish).
  9. Jump up^ Monte Paz. "Productos" (in Spanish).
  10. Jump up^ El País. "Polémica por competencia en el mercado de cigarrillos" (in Spanish).
  11. Jump up^ LR21 (9 July 2011). "Uruguay cree que Philip Morris incumplió pasos previos a la demanda" (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 August 2011.
  12. Jump up^ Uruguay Legislature (6 March 2008). "Ley Nº 18.256 Control del Tabaquismo" (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 March 2009.
  13. Jump up^ MSP. "Campaña "Libre de Humo de Tabaco"" (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 November 2010.
  14. Jump up^ Alfred-Maurice de Zayas (November 16, 2015). "How can Philip Morris sue Uruguay over its tobacco laws?". The Guardian. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
  15. Jump up^ ICSID (26 March 2010). "ICSID - Case Details". Retrieved 17 November 2010.
  16. Jump up^ AFP (15 November 2010). "Philip Morris quiere dar un "escarmiento" a Uruguay, acusa ex presidente" (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 March 2009.
  17. Jump up^ "Decision on Jurisdiction" (PDF). 4 July 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  18. Jump up^ "Phillip Morris loses tough-on-tobacco lawsuit in Uruguay". Reuters. 8 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  19. Jump up^ Fusion Media Network (5 October 2010). "Uruguay tendrá apoyo de OPS y onG en juicio iniciado por Philip Morris" (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  20. Jump up^ "PAHO WHO | PAHO supports Uruguay in litigation filed by industry against tobacco control measures". PAHO supports Uruguay in litigation filed by industry against tobacco control measures. Pan American Health Organization. Retrieved 2016-09-01.
  21. Jump up^ El Espectador (15 November 2010). "Alcalde de Nueva York apoyó a Mujica en caso Philip Morris" (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  22. Jump up^ La República (19 March 2010). "Suiza apoya a Uruguay" (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  23. Jump up^ theconversation. "Uruguay's victory against Big Tobacco is more than just a local triumph". Retrieved 2016-07-31.
  24. Jump up^ El País. "Philip Morris deberá pagar a Uruguay US$ 7 millones por gastos judiciales" (in Spanish).
  25. Jump up^ El Observador. "A partir de 2017 los cigarrillos se venderán en empaquetado genérico" (in Spanish).
  26. Jump up^ Canal 12. "Vázquez anunció en cadena nacional que Uruguay ganó juicio a Philips Morris" (in Spanish).
  27. Jump up^ LR21. "Drogas" (in Spanish).
  28. Jump up^ OPS. "OMS y OPS felicitan a Uruguay por su victoria ante Philip Morris" (in Spanish).

External links[edit]




'국제문제 > 남미' 카테고리의 다른 글

(남미/멕시코) 멕시코 지진: 무너진 학교에 깔린 아동을 구하기 위해 앞을 다투다  (0) 2017.09.21
(남미) 트럼프의 對쿠바정책 성토한 쿠바의 라울 카스트로  (0) 2017.07.16
(남미/브라질) 브라질 시위  (0) 2017.05.01
(남미/칠레) 칠레 홍수로 수도 산티아고 시민 수백만 물부족  (0) 2017.03.01
(남미/쿠바) 미국과 싸운 쿠바 영웅 무려 638회 암살위기 넘긴 피델 카스트로 90세로 타계  (0) 2016.11.29

'국제문제/남미'의 다른글

  • 현재글(남미) 위키: Philip Morris v. Uruguay 다국적 담배제조사 필립 모리스와 우루과이의 분쟁

관련글

티스토리툴바