(남미/쿠바) 미국과 싸운 쿠바 영웅 무려 638회 암살위기 넘긴 피델 카스트로 90세로 타계

출처: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-38114953

Fidel Castro, Cuba's leader of revolution, dies at 90

• 26 November 2016
 
• From the sectionLatin America & Caribbean

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Media captionSarah Rainsford looks back at Fidel Castro's life

Cuba's former president Fidel Castro, one of the world's longest-serving and most iconic leaders, has died aged 90.

His younger brother and successor as president Raul Castro announced the news on state television.

Castro toppled the government in 1959, introducing a Communist revolution. He defied the US for decades, surviving many assassination plots.

His supporters said he had given Cuba back to the people. Critics saw him as a dictator. 카스트로에 대한 상반되는 평가.

Live updates

A hero and a tyrant - obituary

His life in pictures

A revolutionary at home and abroad

Ashen and grave, President Castro told the nation in an unexpected late night broadcast on state television that Fidel Castro had died and would be cremated later on Saturday.

"The commander in chief of the Cuban revolution died at 22:29 hours this evening (03:29 GMT Saturday)," he said. "Towards victory, always!" he added, using a revolutionary slogan.

A period of official mourning has been declared on the island until 4 December, when his ashes will be laid to rest in the south-eastern city of Santiago.

Media captionRaul Castro announced the death of his brother on state television

Barring the occasional newspaper column, Fidel Castro had essentially been retired from political life for several years.

In April, Fidel Castro gave a rare speech on the final day of the country's Communist Party congress.

"I'll soon be 90," the former president said, adding that this was "something I'd never imagined".

"Soon I'll be like all the others," Fidel Castro said, suggesting his "turn" to pass away was coming.

Castro was the longest serving non-royal leader of the 20th Century.

Media captionSadness on the streets of Havana: "For us he is an idol"

Media captionLittle Havana, a neighbourhood in Miami, celebrates Fidel Castro's death

He temporarily handed over power to his brother in 2006 as he was recovering from an acute intestinal ailment. Raul Castro officially became president two years later. (an acute intestinal ailment: 급성장관련질병)

News of his death left some in Havana stunned.

"I always said it couldn't be," said one woman, a government employee. "Even though they said it now, I say it can't be."

How he defied the US 미국에 카스트로 정권이 저항한 方法

Throughout the Cold War, Fidel Castro was a thorn in Washington's side. 카스트로는 냉전시기 때 反美주의자로 미국의 눈의 가시.

An accomplished tactician on the battlefield, he and his small army of guerrillas overthrew the military leader Fulgencio Batista in 1959 to widespread popular support. 대중적 지지를 이끌어낸 전략가로 군부 지도자 풀젠시오 바티스타를 1959년에 무너뜨림. (tactician: 전략가)

Within two years of taking power, he declared the revolution to be Marxist-Leninist in nature and allied the island nation firmly to the Soviet Union.

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Image captionCastro in the mid-1950s with another leading revolutionary - Che Guevara

Image copyrightAP

Image captionYears on he would meet Pope John Paul II, despite declaring Cuba an atheist state

Despite the constant threat of a US invasion as well as the long-standing economic embargo on the island, Castro managed to maintain a communist revolution in a nation just 90 miles (145km) off the coast of Florida. 미국의 공격위협과 경제제재조치에도 불구하고, 카스트로는 미국 플로리다해안에서 불과 90마일 즉 145키로 떨어진 국가에서 공산주의 혁명을 이끌었다.

Despised by his critics as much as he was revered by his followers, he maintained his rule through 10 US presidents and survived scores of attempts on his life by the CIA. 그가 통치하는 동안 10명의 미국 대통령이 지나갔고 CIA가 주도한 그에 대한 수차례의 암살기도에서도 살아남았다.

He established a one-party state, with hundreds of supporters of the Batista government executed. Political opponents have been imprisoned, the independent media suppressed. Thousands of Cubans have fled into exile.

How has the world reacted?

Latin American leaders have been quick to pay tribute.

Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto said Castro was a "great friend" of Mexico, while to El Salvador's President Salvador Sanchez Ceren he was an "eternal companion".

Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro said "revolutionaries of the world must follow his legacy".

Fidel Castro (1926-2016)

The former Cuban president has died aged 90 - his dramatic life makes his longevity all the more surprising

• 80 rebels landed with him on Cuba to launch the revolution

• 32 was his age when he came to power, toppling Fulgencio Batista

• 49 years as Cuban president, a record for a non-royal leader

• 638 assassination attempts he reportedly survived 638회(50년 재임 중 평균 매달 1차례의 암살기도)의 암살시도에서 살아남은 대단한 피델 카스트로와 악날한 미국 CIA

Agencies

Reuters

The Soviet Union's last leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, said: "Fidel stood up and strengthened his country during the harshest American blockade, when there was colossal pressure on him."

Russian President Vladimir Putin described him as a "reliable and sincere friend" of Russia, while Chinese President Xi Jinping said "Comrade Castro will live forever".

For French President Francois Hollande, Castro embodied Cuba's revolution in both its "hopes" and its later "disappointments".

Pope Francis, who met Castro, an atheist, when he visited Cuba in 2015, called his death "sad news" and sent "sentiments of grief".

From US President-elect Donald Trump, who has threatened to reverse his predecessor's work to build ties with Cuba, came a brief tweet exclaiming the news:

Image copyrightTWITTER

In Miami, where there is a large Cuban community, there have been celebrations in some parts of the city, with people banging pots and cheering.

A Cuban exile group, the Cuban Democratic Directorate, said Castro left "legacy of intolerance" and had set up a "vicious totalitarian regime". 쿠바 망명단체에 의하면, 카스트로는 불관용의 유산을 남겼으며 "악의적인 전체주의 정권"을 수립한 사람이다.

Divisive legacy captivates world media

UK opposition: Castro 'huge figure'

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What happens next? Will Grant, BBC News, Cuba

Although the announcement of Fidel Castro's death caught many Cubans unawares, it can't be said that they weren't partly expecting it. In a sense, they have been preparing for this moment, a post-Fidel Cuba, for several years now as he retired from public life and largely disappeared from view.

But now that it has actually arrived, some are asking whether it will make any political different to Cuba's trajectory. (trajectory: 탄도, 궤도, 궤적)

Image copyrightAP

Image captionCuba began economic reforms when Castro was still alive

It's unlikely to, mainly because Raul Castro has already been implementing economic changes intended to attract foreign direct investment and ease the tight restrictions on ordinary Cubans. Plus, of course, there is the new rapprochement with Washington. (rapprochement with: 국교회복, 화해)

While it's still not clear what a Trump presidency will mean in that regard, those changes are unlikely to be reversed because of Castro's death. Nor will Cuba change its one-party political system in his absence.

Politically, his legacy lives on.

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Fidel Castro's key dates

Media captionIn April, Castro made a rare appearance at Cuba's Communist Party congress

• 1926: Born in the south-eastern Oriente Province of Cuba

• 1953: Imprisoned after leading an unsuccessful rising against Batista's regime

• 1955: Released from prison under an amnesty deal

• 1956: With Che Guevara, begins a guerrilla war against the government

• 1959: Defeats Batista, sworn in as prime minister of Cuba

• 1961: Fights off CIA-sponsored Bay of Pigs invasion by Cuban exiles

• 1962: Sparks Cuban missile crisis by agreeing that USSR can deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba

• 1976: Elected president by Cuba's National Assembly

• 1992: Reaches an agreement with US over Cuban refugees

• 2006: Hands over reins to brother Raul due to health issues, stands down as president two years later (rein:고삐, 제어장치, 권력)