(미국) 왜 미해군은 중국과의 전쟁을 (미리) 연습하는가?

출처: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29547621

15 October 2014 Last updated at 03:59

Why is the US Navy practising for war with China? 왜 미해군은 중국과의 전쟁을 (미리) 연습하는가?

By Rupert Wingfield-HayesBBC News, USS George Washington off Guam

Rupert Wingfield-Hayes gets the view aboard the USS George Washington 루퍼트 윙필드 헤이에스 기자는 미해군전함 조지 워싱톤에 탑승해 그곳의 모습을 전하고 있다

The US prefers to talk about engaging with China, but it is clear its navy is now also practising for a potential conflict, reports the BBC's Rupert Wingfield-Hayes. 미국은 중국과 교전하는 걸 얘기하기 좋아지만, 그러나 미해군은 지금 앞으로 일어날 갈등을 대비해 군사훈련(연습)을 하고 있다고, 비비시 통신원 루퍼트 윙필드 헤이예스는 전한다.

You don't get invited out on a US nuclear aircraft carrier all that often, and after writing this I might not get invited back for a while. 독자들은 미핵무장항공모함에 승선할 기회가 별로 없다. 이 기사를 작성한 다음, 난 다시 한동안 그럴 기회가 없을 것이다.

On the flight deck of the USS George Washington the noise is like nothing I've ever experienced. A few feet from where I am standing, 11 F/A-18 Super Hornets are lining up to be launched.

The first one is hooked on to the catapult; there is a massive crescendo as its engines roar to full re-heat. Then, in a cloud of white steam, the 15-tonne jet is thrown down the deck and off the end of the ship like a toy.

Seconds later, the deck crew in their multi-coloured smocks are calmly lining up the next one.

The crew of the USS George Washington are rehearsing an "anti-access, area denial" scenario

Watching the US Navy close up like this, it is hard not to be slightly awed. No other navy in the world has quite the same toys, or shows them off with the same easy charm.

But as I stand on the deck filming my report on how "the US is practising for war with China", I can see my host from the Navy public affairs office wincing.

You get used to hearing the PR rhetoric: the US Navy "is not practising for war with any specific country". But the US Navy has not assembled two whole carrier battle groups and 200 aircraft off the coast of Guam for a jolly, either. This is about practising what the Pentagon now calls "Air Sea Battle".

It is a concept first put forward in 2009, and it is specifically designed to counter the rising threat from China.

A few minutes later I am standing on the bridge of the George Washington with Rear Adm Mark Montgomery, the commander of Carrier Strike Group Five. The forces under his command are practising for what he calls an "anti-access, area denial" scenario.

Rear Adm Montgomery says the US Navy has been ensuring stability in the region for the past 70 years

"When we talk about our capabilities," he says, "we are talking about our capabilities to operate in unrestricted way in the waters of our choice".

"As some countries have been developing increasingly complex anti-access weapons, we have to develop our tactics, techniques and procedures to continue to operate in an unfettered manner."

Rear Adm Montgomery won't discuss the specifics of the exercise. But his ships and aircraft face an increasingly complex web of threats, from beneath the water, from air, land, from cyberspace and from space.

"It's generally understood that some countries have the ability to remove satellites or to limit satellite communications," he says, "so we have to practise working in a communications-denied environment."

China's People's Liberation Army Navy is still no match for the US Navy, and won't be for a very long time. Instead, China has been developing other weapons designed to keep America's precious carriers far away from China's shores.

These include new quieter submarines, long-range hypersonic anti-ship missiles and, perhaps most worrying, very accurate medium range ballistic missiles that have been dubbed "carrier killers".

As if on cue, an alarm bell starts ringing. A voice comes on the public address system:

"This is a drill, this is a drill! Black smoke, black smoke!"

Are China's neighbours reassured by the US military presence in the region?

The George Washington is under simulated attack. Part of the ship is reported to be on fire. Teams rush to contain the damage.

For the last 10 years, China's most important, and oft-repeated, political slogan has been "peaceful rise". It is designed to reassure Beijing's neighbours its growing military might is no threat.

But since President Xi Jinping came to power last year, there has been a distinct change. China is now asserting claims well beyond its own coastline.

Its ships are aggressively patrolling the Senkaku, or Diaoyu, islands in the East China Sea, long controlled by Japan. It is spending billionsbuilding new islands in the South China Sea.

China's maritime territorial disputes

Spratly/Paracel islands

• Two island chains made up of dozens of uninhabited rocky outcrops, atolls, sandbanks and reefs including the Scarborough Shoal
• Claimed in whole or in part by China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Taiwan
• Rich in natural resources, close to major shipping lanes and fishing grounds

A flashpoint with global consequences

Senkaku/Diaoyu islands

• The archipelago consists of five uninhabited islands and three reefs
• Japan, China and Taiwan claim them; they are controlled by Japan and form part of Okinawa prefecture
• The islands were also the focus of a major diplomatic row between Japan and China in 2010

How uninhabited islands soured China-Japan ties

In August a Chinese fighter jet confronted a US surveillance plane in international airspace over the South China Sea, repeatedly buzzing it and, according to the US Navy, closing to within 20ft (6m).

According to Rear Adm Montgomery, all this makes the US Navy's role in the region even more vital.

"The US Navy is one of the single greatest contributors to the security and stability of the Asia Pacific region," he says. "We have been for nearly 70 years".

"I think the US Navy plays a good role whether it is in the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Philippine Sea, stabilising things, assuring partners and dissuading adversaries from taking actions that are non-transparent or illegal."

China's leaders would no doubt disagree. Beijing's long-term aim is to dominate the waters close to its shores. If the US Navy tries to stop it, might that not make conflict more likely?

But from Tokyo to Taipei, Manila to Hanoi, there are governments that are very happy to see America's great carrier battle groups sailing these waters.